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Mouth
no top front teeth, dental pad
tongue is long with papillae for wrapping around grass
Esophagus
passageway for feed from mouth to reticulo-rumen or from reticulo rumen to mouth
Rumen
major site of fermentation
storage and physical mixing
breakdown of cellulose by microbes that releases VFAs absorbed through rumen wall
¾ of abdominal cavity
Reticulum
Sorts heavy particles (stay) and light particles (go to rumen) → small digesta moved to omasum
Rumination
Cud Chewing: regurgitation of ingesta from the reticulum
Eructation
belching; 30-50 L/hour of methane production
Omasum
Water and some VFA absorption
Abomasum
glandular stomach
secretes HCl, pepsin
secretes lysozymes, which allows animal to digest microbes
Remaining digestive tract
very similar to monogastrics
Babies
born without a functional rumen, milk directly passes to abomasum
Symbiosis
organisms live together to benefit both (microbes and ruminants)