hist

Hunter-gatherers

People who survived by hunting animals and gathering plants.

• Nomads

People who move from place to place instead of settling.

• Domestication

Changing plants and animals to better serve human needs.

• Civilization

A permanent settlement with organized government and population centers.

• Feudalism

System where lords provided protection and serfs provided labor.

• Western Christendom

Western European Christianity led by the Pope in Rome.

• Caravel

Fast, maneuverable ship used during exploration.

• Chattel Slavery

Slaves treated as property that could be bought or sold.

• Hernán Cortés

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs.

• Moctezuma

Aztec ruler when Cortés arrived.

• Conquistadores

Spanish conquerors in the Americas.

• Missionaries

People sent to spread Christianity.

• Encomienda

Spanish labor system using Native American labor.

• Bartolomé de las Casas

Critic of the encomienda system.

• Black Legend

Story portraying Spain as especially cruel to Native Americans.

• Quebec

First capital of New France.

• Louisiana

French territory along the Mississippi River.

• New Amsterdam

Capital of New Netherlands (later New York).

• Mercantilism

pre capitalist system wealth assumed to be limited

• Commodification

Giving economic value to something.

• Columbian Exchange

Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas.

• Virginia Company

Company that founded Jamestown.

• Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America.

• John Smith

Leader who helped Jamestown survive.

• Powhatan

Native leader of Powhatan tribe who interacted with Jamestown settlers. Then later resisted

• John Rolfe

Introduced profitable tobacco farming.

• House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in Virginia. 1619

• Lord Baltimore

Founder of Maryland.

• Toleration Act

Maryland law protecting Christian religious freedom.

• Pilgrims

Settlers who founded Plymouth Colony.

• Protestant Reformation

Movement challenging the Catholic Church.

• Martin Luther

Started the Reformation. Spoke out against Catholic Church

• Church of England

English Protestant church.

• Puritans

English ppl happy New England no longer Catholic upset new church was similar

• John Winthrop

Puritan leader of Massachusetts Bay.

• City Upon a Hill

Winthrop’s vision of a model Christian society.

• Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island.

• Subsistence Farming

Farming mainly for family use.

• King Philip’s War

Major conflict between Native American uprising in New England 1675-1678

• Salem Witch Trials

Witchcraft accusations and trials in 1692.

• Slave Codes

Laws restricting enslaved people.

• Glorious Revolution

Replacement of King James II by William and Mary.

• Two Treatises of Government

Locke’s work on natural rights and government.

• Enlightenment

Movement emphasizing reason and science.

• Liberalism

Belief in rights, liberty, and representative government.

• Deism

Belief that god is knowledgeable through rational thought

• Great Awakening

Religious revival in the colonies.

• Old Lights

Christian minister of old gen

• New Lights

Christian ministers of new gen

• Jonathan Edwards

American minister and aurthor of sinners

• William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania.

• Entrepreneurs

People who invest in businesses for profit.

• James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia.

• Cash Crop Agriculture

Farming crops for sale rather than personal use. Employees slave labor

• Navigation Acts

British laws controlling colonial trade.

• Triangular Trade

Trade network linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

• Zenger Case

Helped establish freedom of the press.

• Indentured Servant

Worker bound by contract for a set number of years from other people

• Non-importation

Boycott of British goods.

• Townshend Acts

Taxes on imported goods.

• Boston Massacre

Clash between colonists and British soldiers in 1770.

• HMS Gaspee

British ship burned by colonists.

• Boston Tea Party

Protest against British taxation in 1773.