Constitutional Law Review

A collection of practice flashcards for understanding key concepts of Constitutional Law and the criminal justice system.

What branches of the US Government are outlined in the Constitution?

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.

What does the Legislative branch do?

Makes laws (Congress).

What does the Executive branch do?

Carries out laws (President, Vice-President, Cabinet).

What does the Judicial branch do?

Evaluates laws (Supreme Court and other courts).

What system of government did the colonists establish in opposition to British rule?

The First Continental Congress.

What is federalism?

A system where both national government and political subdivisions hold significant power.

What rights provide protection against legislative actions declaring guilt without a trial?

No Bills of Attainder.

Which amendment addresses the right to bear arms?

The Second Amendment.

What is the main function of courts in the criminal justice system?

To determine whether suspects are innocent or guilty.

What is the most visible component of the criminal justice system?

Law Enforcement.

What does the Eighth Amendment protect against?

Excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

What key rights are guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment?

Due process, protection against double jeopardy, and protection against self-incrimination.

Which amendment includes the right to a speedy trial?

The Sixth Amendment.

What does the term 'Habeas Corpus' mean?

A legal recourse whereby a prisoner can report unlawful detention.

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

To enumerate specific limitations on the power of the government.

What is the significance of the Fourteenth Amendment in relation to the Bill of Rights?

It has been interpreted to incorporate most amendments against the states.

In the context of the Articles of Confederation, what power did Congress lack?

The power to tax.

Who has the power to declare war?

The Legislative branch.

How long is a Senate term?

6 years.

What is required for a Supreme Court decision to stand?

A minimum of 6 Justices must be present to decide a case.