production methods

Job production

Producing one off, customised products to meet specific customer requirements

Beinfits of job production

High quality-skilled labour used-greater attention to detail- fewer defects- builds strong brand rep

Customisation- products made for individual need- high customer satisfaction - premium prices-higher profit margins

Motivation of workers- workers complete whole products- jobs satisfaction- high motivation - improves productivity and quality

Limitations of job production

Expensive- high labour costs+ low output- higher cost per unit- higher prices- limits demand in price sensitive markets

Time consumer-each product made individually- cannot meet high demand- limits potential growth

Not suitable for mass markers- small scale production- low output- competitors using mass production can dominate- loss of market share

Batch production

Producing groups of identical products before switching to another batch

Beinfits of batch production

Flexibility- different batches can be produced- adapt to changing demand- reduces risk of unsold stock- improves competiviness

Some economies of scale-fixed costs spread over batch- lower average cost- more competitve pricing-increases sales

Quality control- smaller production runs-easier to detect faults reduce defective output- protects brand image

Limitations of batch production

Downtime- machines reset between batches- production stops- lower efficiently-high unit costs

Higher costs than mass-not fully automated- fewer econmies of scale- high prices- less competitve

Storage costs- goods priced sale- need warehousing- increased cots-cash flow issues

Flow production

Products move continuously along production line, with each worker or machine performing specific tasks

Beinfits of flow production

Low unit costs- econmies of scale

• large scale output- fixed costs spread over many units

High efficiency - continuous production+automation-faster output- minimal delays- meet high levels of demand

Consists quality- standardised processes- fewer variations- reliable products- builds brand reputation

Specialisation- workers focus on one task-become very skilled, faster production- improves productivity

Limitations of flow production

High setup costs-expensive machinery + technology- high initial investment - financial risk if demand and falls

Not flexible- produces standardised products - diffcult to change design- cannot respond quickly to trends-risk of unsold stock

Demotivating of workers- repetitive tasks-boredeom and low job satisfaction reducing productivity

Cell production

When workers and machines are organised into small groups to complete a whole section

Beinfits of cell production

Improved motivation- workers complete larger parts of product- more job satisfaction- recused boredom - high productivity and lower labour turnover

Greater flexibility- cells can adapt to different tasks- respond to change in demand- competitve in dynamic markets

Better quality- team responsibility - workers take ownership- fewer defcts- improves brand reputation

Redcued waste- quasi Poe meant arranged efficiently- less time moving materials- faster production

Limitations of cell production

Higher costs than flow- small scale of production- fewer economies of scale- higher average costs

Training costs - workers need multiple skills

Dependency on teamwork- relies on communication and cooperation

Not suitable for very high demand- output low- cannot meet mass market demand- loss of market share