Med Term: Chapter 10 (nervous system and mental health ppt)

Flashcards created from Lecture Notes on Medical Terminology for Health Professions focused on the Nervous System and Mental Health.

Coordinates and controls all activities of the body.

Nervous System

Combining form meaning 'brain'.

Cerebr/o

Combining form for 'spinal cord'.

Myel/o

Combining form for 'nerves'.

Neur/o

Central Nervous System, includes brain and spinal cord.

CNS

transmits signals to and from CNS.

PNS

Basic cells of the nervous system that communicate signals.

Neuron

Parts of neurons that carry impulses toward the cell body.

Dendrites

Part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body.

Axon

Cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.

Ganglion

Supply of nerves to a specific body part.

Innervation

Network of intersecting spinal nerves.

Plexus

Sites in sensory organs that receive external stimulation.

Receptors

Anything that activates a nerve and causes an impulse.

Stimulus

Automatic, involuntary responses to changes inside or outside the body.

Reflexes

Branching fibers at the end of an axon that lead a nerve impulse to the synapse.

Terminal end fibers

Space between two neurons or between a neuron and receptor organ.

Synapse

Chemical substances allowing messages to cross from one neuron to another.

Neurotransmitters

Supportive cells in the nervous system with four main functions.

Glial Cells

Protective covering made of glial cells, affecting nerve fiber appearance.

Myelin Sheath

Clear fluid that cools, cushions, and nourishes the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Part of the brain responsible for thought, judgment, and memory.

Frontal Lobe

Second-largest part of the brain; coordinates movement and maintains balance.

Cerebellum

Regulates autonomic nervous system and emotional responses.

Hypothalamus

Relays impulses to and from the cerebrum and sensory organs.

Thalamus

Outer layer of the cerebrum made of gray matter.

Cerebral Cortex

Folds of gray matter found in the cerebral cortex.

Gyri

Fissures in the cerebral cortex.

Sulci

Part of the brain that controls eyesight.

Occipital Lobe

Controls senses of hearing and smell.

Temporal Lobe

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal.

Cerebral Lobes

Disruption of blood flow to the brain causing damage.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Temporary interruption in blood flow to the brain.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Loss of ability to speak, write, or comprehend language, often due to stroke.

Aphasia

Stroke due to blockage of a blood vessel in the brain.

Ischemic Stroke

Stroke due to bleeding in the brain.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Inflammation of the spinal cord.

Myelitis

Contagious viral infection of brainstem and spinal cord, may lead to paralysis.

Poliomyelitis

Progressive autoimmune disorder that leads to the Demyelination of myelin sheath due to inflammation that scars brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves

• Scarring disrupts transmission of nerve impulses

Multiple Sclerosis

Persistent, severe burning pain following nerve injury.

Causalgia

Abnormal/excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli.

Hyperesthesia

Uncomfortable sensations in legs leading to urge to move them.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Technique for recording electrical activity of the brain.

Electroencephalography

Imaging technique for examining soft tissues in the brain.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Recording of electrical activity from peripheral nerves to muscles.

Electromyography

Depresses CNS to produce calm and diminished responsiveness, Does not induce sleep

Sedative

Substance that induces lack of sensation, especially pain.

Anesthetic

Surgical procedure for treating movement disorders.

Deep Brain Stimulation

Treatment for severe mental disorders involving electric currents.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Medication that affects mind, emotions, and behavior.

Psychotropic Drug

Medication that relieves or prevents depression.

Antidepressant

Medication used to treat severe psychiatric disorders.

Antipsychotic Drug

– Focuses on changing thoughts that affect

person's emotions and actions

– Attempts to change problematic beliefs

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Mental health conditions characterized by excessive fear or worry.

Anxiety Disorder

Chronic, excessive worrying.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Fear of recurrent panic attacks.

Panic Disorder

Anxiety following a traumatic event.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Excessive fear of heights.

Acrophobia

Abnormal fear of enclosed spaces.

Claustrophobia

Condition with recurring obsessions and compulsions.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Disorder characterized by inattention and hyperactivity.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Difficulty in reading due to processing symbols.

Dyslexia

Mental illness categorized by mood swings.

Bipolar Disorder

Sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain affecting behavior.

Seizure

Acute confusion and disorientation.

Delirium

Inflammation of a nerve causing pain or loss of function.

Neuritis

Pain due to irritation of the fifth cranial nerve.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Condition affecting movement due to brain damage.

Cerebral Palsy

Long-term state of sadness and lethargy.

Chronic Depression

Addiction to drugs, alcohol, or medications.

Substance Abuse

Chronic dependence on alcohol.

Alcoholism

Physical complaints that cannot be explained by medical issues.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Fabrication of symptoms for personal gain.

Malingering

Condition where a person's gender identity differs from their biological sex.

Gender Dysphoria

Progressive diseases resulting in degeneration of nerve cells.

Neurodegenerative Disease

Progressive decline in mental abilities often accompanied by personality changes

Dementia

Type of dementia characterized by memory loss.

Alzheimer's Disease

Degenerative disorder affecting movement control.

Parkinson's Disease

Medical professional specializing in nervous system disorders.

Neurologist

Surgeon specializing in the nervous system.

Neurosurgeon

Doctor specializing in mental health.

Psychiatrist

Professional specializing in evaluating and treating emotional problems.

Psychologist

Inflammation of the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord.

Meningitis

Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles.

Hydrocephalus

Congenital herniation of brain tissue through the skull.

Encephalocele

Herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull.

Meningocele

Minor mental disorder characterized by anxiety and avoidance behavior.

Neurosis

Severe mental disorder causing disconnection from reality.

Psychosis

Disorder characterized by involuntary movements and sounds.

Tourette Syndrome

Lowered level of consciousness with drowsiness.

Lethargy

Deep state of unconsciousness; lacks responsiveness.

Coma

Temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow.

Syncope

12 pairs of nerves that arise directly from the brain apart of the PNS

Cranial Nerves

31 pairs of nerves that arise from the spinal cord.

Spinal Nerves

Controls involuntary actions in the body.

Autonomic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds up bodily functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that slows down bodily functions.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle.

Circadian Rhythm