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Vocabulary and formula flashcards covering Spanish "if" clauses, verb tense endings (present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional), and perfect tenses based on the provided lecture notes.
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Type A "If" Clause Formula
If + indicative, indicative (except conditional or conditional perfect).
Type B "If" Clause Formula
If + past subjunctive, conditional (Key words: would/could).
Type C "If" Clause Formula
If + past subjunctive perfect (had done something), conditional perfect (would have done something).
Present Tense -ER endings
−o, −es, −e, −emos, −eˊis, −en
Present Tense -AR endings
−o, −as, −a, −amos, −aˊis, −an
Present Tense -IR endings
−o, −es, −e, −imos, −ıˊs, −en
Irregular Present Tense: Ser
soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son
Irregular Present Tense: Ir
voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
Irregular Present Tense: Ver
veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven
Irregular Present Tense: Conocer
conozco, conoces, conoce, conocemos, conocéis, conocen
Future Tense Formation
Taking the infinitive and adding the future endings: −eˊ, −aˊs, −aˊ, −emos, −eˊis, −aˊn.
Future/Conditional Irregular: Decir
dir-
Future/Conditional Irregular: Hacer
har-
Future/Conditional Irregular: Poner
pondr-
Future/Conditional Irregular: Querer
querr-
Future/Conditional Irregular: Saber
sabr-
Future/Conditional Irregular: Salir
saldr-
Preterite Tense -AR endings
−eˊ, −aste, −oˊ, −amos, −asteis, −aron
Preterite Tense -ER/-IR endings
−ıˊ, −iste, −ioˊ, −imos, −isteis, −ieron
Irregular Preterite Stem: Andar
anduv-
Irregular Preterite Stem: Estar
estuv-
Irregular Preterite Stem: Tener
tuv-
Irregular Preterite Stem: Poder
pud-
Irregular Preterite Stem: Querer
quis-
Irregular Preterite Stem: Decir
dij-
Preterite car/gar/zar rules (Yo form)
car -> −queˊ; gar -> −gueˊ; zar -> −ceˊ
Imperfect Tense -AR endings
−aba, −abas, −aba, −aˊbamos, −abais, −aban
Imperfect Tense -ER/-IR endings
−ıˊa, −ias, −ıˊa, −ıˊamos, −ıˊais, −ıˊan
Imperfect Irregulars
Ser (era), Ir (iba), Ver (veía)
Past Subjunctive Formation
Conditional Tense Formation
Attach the endings −ıˊa, −ıˊas, −ıˊa, −ıˊamos, −ıˊais, −ıˊan to the INFINITIVE of the verb.
El Perfecto Presente (Present Perfect)
Haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han) + Past Participle ($-ado / -ido$); Means "have/has done something."
El Perfecto Pasado (Past Perfect)
Haber (había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían) + Past Participle ($-ado / -ido$); Means "had done something."
Irregular Past Participle: Abrir
abierto
Irregular Past Participle: Cubrir
cubierto
Irregular Past Participle: Escribir
escrito
Irregular Past Participle: Morir
muerto
Irregular Past Participle: Poner
puesto
Past Subjunctive Perfect Tense
Haber (hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran) + Past Participle.
Conditional Perfect Tense
Haber (habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían) + Past Participle.