WGU D276 Web Dev Foundations Questions with Correct Answers 100% Solved(Updated)

FTP

What protocol is a way to transfer files over the internet?

WWW

What was developed by Tim Berners-Lee in the early 1990s?

Webpage

A document that is viewed in a web browser.

HTML

standard markup language for web documents. Hypertext is text that has links to other text (and today to images, videos, and more). Document markup is special markings in the document that provide additional information about links, formatting, and images.

Early 1990s

The period when the web was first developed.

Website

Collection of related webpages.

Web Server

A program that serves webpages to browsers.

HTTP

the protocol for transferring files among computer via the web. Runs over TCP/IP and governs communications between web browsers and web servers.

Browser

A program for viewing webpages.

W3C

the international standards organization that traditionally has controlled a number of web standards, including HTML.

WHATWG

an organization that develops a variety of web standards and whose members include the major browser vendors.

HTML Living Standard

Produced by the WHATWG. A continually evolving standard without version numbers that replaces HTML5.

1945

What year was this: The idea for generating links from within one document to other documents is described.

1965

The term HyperText invented in what year?

1990

First web browser is created (year)

1994

The World Wide Consortium (W3C) created. (year)

1995

HTML 2.0 standard published. (year)

2014

HTML5 standard published. (year)

WHATWG

who controls the HTML standard?

Separation of duties

Over time, a move to separate document structure (HTML), document presentation (CSS), and webpage interaction with the user (JavaScript).

Packet

Information sent on the Internet that contains To and From IP addresses, the information to communicate, and other configuration information.

IP Address

IP (Internet Protocol) that is a computer's unique address on the Internet. A typical IP address is 32 bits, divided into four 8-bit groups, each group often written as a decimal number.

IPv4

The original Internet Protocol with 32-bit addresses. Can represent about 4 billion unique addresses.

IPv6

A new version of Internet Protocol that uses 128-bit addresses.

DNS

Domain Name Server, used to convert domain names to IP addresses.

Root Servers

Thirteen main DNS servers that exist in the world.

Domain Name Registrar

Services that allow anyone to register an unused domain name.

Domain Name

a name for an IP address, such as the name wikipedia.org for IP address 198.35.26.96.

TLD

Top-level Domains. Examples include .com, .net, .org, .edu, and .gov.

ccTLD

Country Code Top-Level Domain. Examples include .uk (United Kingdom), .us (United States), and .ru (Russia).

SLD

Second-Level Domain, such as 'wikipedia' in wikipedia.org.

TLD

Third-Level Domain, such as 'www' in www.stanford.edu.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator is the location of a web resource, such as.

Scheme

Characters at the beginning of a URL followed by a colon (:) or a colon and double slashes (://). Common schemes include http, https, mailto, and file.

Hostname

The complete domain name following the scheme in a URL.

Path

The characters to the right of the hostname in a URL.

Query String

Optional characters to the right of the question mark (?) in a URL that provide data for the web server.

Fragment

Optional characters at the end of a URL that with a hash character (#) and refer to a certain location within a webpage.

404

The status code that a web server returns to a browser when a requested webpage is not found.

Linkrot

When content is removed from the web and the URLs that used to point to the content now return a 404 (not found) status code.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, a protocol suite that governs how data packets are transferred over the Internet from one machine to another.

HTTP Request

A message sent from the web browser to the web server.

HTTP Response

A message sent from the web server back to the web browser in response to an HTTP request.

Content-Length

Number of bytes in the HTTP response's message body.

Content-Type

Media type of the HTTP response's message body.

Date

Datetime the HTTP response was generated by the web server.

Last-Modified

Datetime the requested resource was last modified on the web server.

Server

Identifies the web server software that generated the HTTP response.

Host

The domain name for the HTTP requested path.

User-Agent

Identifies the browser making the HTTP request.

IANA

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority - a standards organization that manages various internet numbers and symbols, like global IP address allocation, root zone management, and media types.

URL Shortening

A technique to create shorter URLs that redirect to longer URLs.

Browser Cache

An area on a computer's disk where web content can be stored by the web browser for quick retrieval later.

ETag

Entity Tag, an identifier for a specific version of a web resource.

HTTPS

Encrypts HTTP traffic between a browser and web server so a network sniffer cannot intercept sensitive information in the HTTP traffic like passwords, credit card numbers, financial transactions, etc.

TLS

Transport Layer Security - uses asymmetric public keys to encrypt data between the browser and web server.

Mobile First

A web development approach that advocates first creating a reduced-feature version of a website for mobile users. Then, the developer creates a full-featured website for visitors using desktop computers.

Screen size

Physical dimension in pixels of a device's screen.

Affordances

Visual clues that guide the user in figuring out how to use an app.

Responsive web design

A web design approach that creates webpages that automatically move and resize parts depending on the display size and orientation.

IoT

Internet of Things - the global collection of communicating devices that sense and control technology on behalf of humans.

Web Accessibility

The ability of users with disabilities to access and use a webpage with reasonable effort.

Cognitive computing

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and access to vast amounts of data to simulate human problem solving in complex situations with ambiguity, changing data, and even conflicting information.

Separation of concerns

The design principle of breaking up web content using distinct languages and documents that overlap as little as possible.

HTML element

A single HTML structure that is represented with HTML tags.

Tag

A descriptive name surround by < and > characters that the web browser uses to display content.

Link

A clickable item that usually causes the web browser to open another webpage when clicked.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets - A textual language for describing how a webpage is styled for visual presentation.

CSS rule

Specifies styling properties for specific HTML elements.

JavaScript

A programming language that runs in a browser, enabling webpages supporting actions like responding to a button click.

Function

A named group of statements that can be run by referring to that name.

Variable

Stores a value or a link to an element of a webpage.

Opening Tag

Indicates the starting point in the document where an HTML tag takes effect.

Closing Tag

Indicates the ending point in the document where the HTML tag stops having an effect.

Doctype Declaration

<!DOCTYPE html> - instructs the web browser about what type of document follows.

...

This element's opening and closing tags enclose everything but the Doctype Declaration.

Specifies metadata, which is data that describes the document's data.

This element's opening and closing tags enclose the name of the HTML document.

...

This element's opening and closing tags enclose all elements and content to be rendered in the browser.

Attribute

Provides additional information about the HTML element and is included only in the opening element tag.

...

This element's tags contain the document title, document metadata, and various other elements that are typically not displayed in the webpage.

Void Element

An element that only needs an opening tag.

Chrome DevTools

A collection of web development tools that are built into the desktop Chrome browser.

HTML Validator

Checks that an HTML document conforms to the standard.

Deprecated

A feature that is part of a language that is officially discouraged because newer or better features exist, or because the feature is no longer considered safe.

...

A paragraph element; the basic unit of text in an HTML document.

Whitespace

An unprinted character such as the spaces between words and lines of text.

<br>

The Line Break element; creates a line break in a paragraph, such that content after the line break appears on a new line.

<section>...</section>

An HTML5 element that encapsulates a collection of related content.

<h1>...</h1>

A HTML heading element that typically provides a title for each section. Values range from h1 through h6.

<!-- ... -->

HTML comments; a portion of an HTML document that is not displayed by the browser.

<ul>...</ul>

Unordered List element; a collection of items, usually indented and shown using bullets.

<li>...</li>

The List Item element; surrounds each item in a list.

Sequenced Collection

A sequenced collection of items, usually indented and shown using numbers or letters.

list-style-type

A CSS property that provides the ability to change the bullet used in an unordered list and offers more numbering options in an ordered list.

Nested List

A list within a list item of another list.

...

An HTML structure that allows data to be organized in rows and columns.

Cell

A location within an HTML table structure at a specific row and column.

...

An HTML table row element; contains all the cells in a row.

<th>...</th>

An HTML table header; creates a cell whose content is centered and bold. Typically used for column and row headings.