Essentials of Evangelical Theology Exam #2

According to Olsen, the Christian consensus regarding humans is that we are both animal and spiritual

True

According to Olsen, the doctrine of original sin means that human existence is estranged, fallen and corrupted

True

Pelagius was a fifth century theologian who strongly supported the doctrine of original sin

False

Reinhold Niebuhr argued that being tempted to sin was due to our nature as spiritual, transcendent beings who anxiously seek control rather than trusting God

True

One biblical picture of sin was breaking covenant and the most common picture of that was marriage

True

Missing the mark is one of the major biblical themes of sin and the image is a person betraying a friend

False

Christian dichotomists believe humans are composed of soul and spirit

False

Pelagius taught that the will was always free to choose good or evil

True

Augustine argued that “you are a sinner because you sin”

False

According to Tertullian, the origin of sin was discontent

True

Christology refers to the person of Christ and it raises questions regarding his humanity and divinity

True

At the Council of Nicaea, Arius’ views were rejected because he believed that Jesus and God the Father were homoousias

False

The Council of Ephesus dealt with the problem of Docetism regarding Jesus’ human nature

False

The Chalcedonian Creed utilizes the language of negation to communicate Christ’s two natures in one person

True

At the Council of Ephesus questions involved how the hypostatic union of Christ’s two natures, human and divine were united in one person

True

Incarnation is an important doctrine because it addresses the church’s theology about Jesus’ limited, human nature

True

Ephrem the Syrian’s hymn avoids questions of whether or not Jesus was fully human

False

Athanasius refuted Arius by addressing the soteriological implications of Arius’ view of Jesus’ divinity

True

Gregory of Nazianzen’s argument against Apollinarius could be stated by the phrase, “whatever was not assumed, was not healed.”

True

At the Council of Ephesus, the position taken by Cyril of Alexandria on Jesus was that “the Word assumed a man, not humanity.”

False

The New Testament tells us that Jesus accomplished salvation by his death but not the details of how his death accomplished salvation

True

In Ransom Theory, the issue is whether love is enough to break sin’s power

False

Peter Abelard’s Exemplary Theory states that the tension is between God’s love and God’s righteous anger

False

Soteriology refers to salvation as accomplished through Christ’s atoning work on the cross

True

The issue with the Penal Substitution Theory is that it seems to make Jesus’ divine nature less than God the Father

False

The tension within the Satisfaction Theory is between God’s love and God’s justice

True

According to the Ransom Theory, the tension is between God and Satan

True

Peter Abelard argued for a subjective view of Christ’s atoning work

True

The Penal Substitution Theory understands Christ’s work to be both objective and subjective

True

One of the issues with the Satisfaction Theory of the atonement was that it quantified sin and righteousness leading to a treasury of merit practice

True

The Christian Consensus is that the Holy Spirit is a Divine Person and a Divine Power

True

Matthew’s gospel gives us the most complete account of Jesus’ teaching on the Holy Spirit

False

Montanism was an early heresy that made claims of prophetic authority that eclipsed Scriptural authority

True

Mormonism would be a modern form of Pneumatomachianism

False

Basil of Caesarea argued that the greatest gift of the Holy Spirit was being made a god

True

The Council of Toledo created the filio que clause controversy when it added “and the Son” to the Nicene Creed

True

According to Olsen, one reason the Eastern Church rejects the Filioque theology is because it subordinates the Holy Spirit to the Son

True

Renewalists believe in the full biblical expression of the spiritual gifts in the church today

True

Cessationism would not be an acceptable theological position for the majority of Christians living in the Southern Hemisphere

True

Basil of Caesarea argued that the Holy Spirit is like a sun beam whose warming light shines on the one who enjoys it as though it shone for him alone, yet also lights the land and sea and mingles with the air

True

According to the Barmen Declaration, the state is not divinely appointed to provide justice and peace in the world, that is the church’s vocation

False (Appointed for unredeemed world)

According to the Cyprian of Carthage, there is no salvation outside of the church

True

According to Augustine, God has appointed the church as the final judge for who is truly in the church and who is not

False (we cannot determine this, only God can)

According to the New Testament, the church is where God’s people go to worship

False (Can only be or not be the church)

The church’s holiness is based on its people as hagioi, saints or holy ones in Christ, not the purity of every individual

True

According to Augustine, you cannot have the God as your father if the church is not your mother

False (This was Cyprian)

According to Olsen, the “heresy of neglect” refers to the church’s neglect of the sacraments or ordinances

True

The oneness of the church referred to in the Nicene Creed is based on the church’s uniformity of belief (unity)

False

The catholicity of the church referred to in the Nicene Creed is a reference to the effect of its prayers and search for truth, not in its physical presence

True

According to Calvin, the two marks of the church are the preaching of the Word and believing that Jesus is God

False (Preaching of Word and sacraments observed)