Chapter 9 - The Nervous system

What are the main components of the nervous system?

• Brain

• Spinal cord

• Nerves extending from the spinal cord

What are the two subdivisions of the nervous system?

• Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) composed of?

• Brain

• Spinal cord

What is the Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) composed of?

• Cranial and spinal nerves

• Ganglia

Where is the brain located in the central nervous system?

Within the cranial cavity of the skull

Where is the spinal cord located in the central nervous system?

Within the vertebral cavity of the vertebral column

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Nerve cells that extend from the brain and spinal cord

What are a cluster of nerve cells called in the nervous system?

Ganglia

The PNS and CNS overlapping functions 1 of 3

Sensory receptors that monitor changes inside and outside the body

The PNS and CNS overlapping functions 2 of 3

Processes and interprets sensory input

The PNS and CNS overlapping functions 3 of 3

Dictates a response by activating effector organs

What is a stimulus?

changes detected inside or outside the body

What is sensory input?

information gathered by receptors

What is motor output?

The response

Step 1: Sensory input - What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) do?

Responsible for receiving/perceiving information about the enviornment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor response)

Step 1 Sensory input - The Peripheral nervous system can be subdivided into regions that are responsible for what?

• Afferent division (Sensation)

• Efferent division (Motor response)

Step 1: Sensory output - What is the first major function of the afferent nervous system?

Sensation

What is the role of sensation in the afferent nervous system?

Receives information about the environment to gain input about what is happening outside the body or within the body

Describe sensory stimuli

External stimulus picked up by one of the 5 main senses

Describe visceral stimuli

internal stimulus

What is homeostatis

Process of keeping your bodily process at normal, functioning levels

Step 2: Intergation

PNS afferent division sends signals about these external and visceral stimuli to the CNS which processes the information

Describe integration

Stimuli that are received by sensory structures are communicated to the nervous system where that information is processed

Step 3 - Response

After your brain integrates the information/stimulus it receives, it will then cause a response to occur

Step 3: Response - What are the two types of responses

• Somatic system responses

• The Autonomic system response

What is the somatic system response?

physical movement and/or voluntary actions based on the stimulus it received (running from a bear)

What is the Autonomic system response?

involuntary internal reactions to a stimulus (getting sleepy after eating a meal)

Which subdivision is the somatic nervous system a part of?

PSN Efferent (motor division)

What is the role of somatic nervous system (SNS)?

Responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses

Describe voluntary motor reponses

means the contraction of voluntary skeletal muscle of the body (raising your hand to ask a question)

What subdivision is the Autonomic nervous system a part of?

PNS Efferent division

What is the role of Autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Responsible for involuntary control of the body, usually for the sake of homeostasis

What is the role of autonomic systen>

Regulate the organ systems of the body, which usually means to control homeostasis

To help the body maintain homeostatis, the autonomic nervous system can be further subdivided into what two subdivisions?

• Sympathetic division of the ANS

• Parasympathetic division of the ANS

What is the role of Sympathetic division of the ANS

Stimulate the body's fight-flight-or-freeze response to potentially harmful situations

Sympatheic nervous system helps with what?

• Increase heart rate

• Increase breathing

• Inhibit digestion

• Increase blood glucose levels

What is the role of Parasympathetic division of the ANS

Responsible for stimulation of "rest-and-digest" or "feed and breed” activities that occur when the body is at rest, especially after eating, including sexual arousal, salivation, urination, digestion and defecation

Parasympatheic nervous system helps with what?

• Decrease heart rate

• Decrease breathing

• Resume digestion

• Decrease blood glucose levels

The nervous tissue contains what two basic types of cells

• Neurons

• Neuroglial cells

Match the photo to the neuron

What is the role of neurons

responsible for producing and receiving chemical and electrical signals

Match the photo to the neuroglial cell

What is the role of neuroglial cells

support cells that ensure neurons are safe and cared for

Describe chemical signaling

using neurotransmitters to communicate between neurons

Describe electrical signaling

using electricity to quickly send a message with in one neuron. Also called an action potential

What cells are considered to be the basis of nervous tissue

Neurons

What is the role of axons in the cell body

pathway for the electrical signals being sent from the main cell body to the end of the axon

What is the role of dendrities

allow the cell body of the neuron to make connections with many other neurons and receive signals

Describe an electrical impulse

the physical phenomena arising from the attraction of particles with opposite charges and the repulsion of particles with the same charge

When a neuron is at its resting state, it has high concentration of Na+ on the…

outside of the cell compared to inside

When a neuron is at its resting state, it has high concentration of K+ on the…

inside of the cell compared to outside