4.6 - Internal and External Challenges to State Power

Fronde

A series of French civil wars against royal centralization and taxation from 1648 to 1653

Ana Nzinga

Queen of Ndongo and Matamba who resisted Portuguese expansion and the Atlantic slave trade

Ndongo

One of the kingdoms ruled by Ana Nzinga

Matamba

One of the kingdoms ruled by Ana Nzinga

Mirs

The village communes in Russia

Cossacks

Semi-independent frontier warrior communities in Russia, often made up of runaway serfs and skilled horsemen

Yemelyan Pugachev

A Cossack who led the Pugachev rebellion

Pugachev Rebellion

A peasant rebellion led by Yemelyan Pugachev against Catherine the Great for giving the novelty power over the serfs

Maratha Empire

An empire of the Maratha people, a result of war against the Mughals

Pueblo Revolt

A 1680 Indigenous uprising in New Mexico that temporarily drove out Spanish colonizers

Popé

A Pueblo religious leader who organized the 1680 revolt against Spanish rule in New Mexico

Maroon societies

Independent communities of escaped enslaved Africans that fought colonial authorities for freedom and autonomy

Maroon wars

Wars where slaves in the Caribbean and other Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom

Queen Nanny

An escaped slave who united all the Maroons of Jamaica

Gloucester County Rebellion

A 1663 plot in Virginia by enslaved Africans and indentured servants seeking freedom

Metacom’s War

A 1675 to 1678 Indigenous war in New England against English colonial expansion

Glorious Revolution

The bloodless revolt against the Catholic, anti-Protestant King James II of England, which resulted in him fleeing to France.