AP Gov Bill of Rights + 13,14,15

1st Amendment

Protects five freedoms: religion (Free Exercise & Establishment Clauses), speech, press, peaceful assembly, and petition of the government.

2nd Amendment

The right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Incorporated to the states via McDonald v. Chicago (2010).

3rd Amendment

Soldiers may not be quartered in private homes without the owner's consent during peacetime.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. Requires warrants to be supported by probable cause and to describe the place/items to be searched.

5th Amendment

Grand jury for serious crimes, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination, no deprivation of life/liberty/property without due process, no taking of private property without just compensation (Takings Clause).

6th Amendment

Right to a speedy and public trial by jury, to be informed of charges, to confront witnesses, to compel witnesses to testify, and to have an attorney. Incorporated via Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).

7th Amendment

Right to a jury trial in federal civil cases involving more than $20.

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

9th Amendment

The enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution shall not be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people.

10th Amendment

Powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states or to the people.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Ratified 1865.

14th Amendment

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. (Citizenship Clause). Prohibits states from denying due process (Due Process Clause) or equal protection of the laws (Equal Protection Clause). Basis for incorporation doctrine. Ratified 1868.

15th Amendment

The right to vote shall not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Ratified 1870.