MED110 Final Exam Practice Set

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards based on the MED110 final exam problem set covering anatomy, physiology, tissues, skeletal systems, and hormones.

Anatomy

The study of the body's structure and parts.

Physiology

The study of the body's functions.

Afferent

Nerve fibers or pathways that carry sensory information toward the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Efferent

Nerve fibers or pathways that carry motor information away from the Central Nervous System (CNS) to muscles or glands.

ATP

The energy currency of the body used to power cellular processes.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body.

Acidosis

A condition characterized by an overabundance of acid in the blood or a loss of base, resulting in a decrease in blood pH.

Alkalosis

A condition characterized by too much base or a loss of acid in the blood, resulting in an increase in blood pH.

Denaturation

The process that occurs when a protein loses its native three-dimensional shape.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete their products into ducts (e.g., sweat glands or lacrimal glands).

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Lacrimal Glands

The structures responsible for producing tears.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that forms coverings and linings, secretes, and protects.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of internal organs.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that connects, supports, and protects other tissues.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue that transmits impulses for coordination throughout the body.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary and striated muscle tissue attached to bones.

Anterior

The anatomical term for 'toward the front' of the body.

Meninges

The protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Suture

An immovable joint found between the flat bones of the skull.

Condylar Joint

A joint that allows back and forth and side to side movement, but no rotation.

Ball and Socket Joint

A joint featuring a round head in a cup-shaped cavity; it allows for the widest range of motion.

Pivot Joint

A joint that allows for rotation only.

Origin

The stationary or less movable attachment point of a muscle.

Insertion

The movable attachment point of a muscle.

Tendons

Connective tissue structures that attach muscle to bone.

Ligaments

Connective tissue structures that attach bone to bone.

Myelin

A fatty substance that wraps around axons to insulate them and increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

Growth Hormone

Hormone that stimulates growth, increases fat usage, and lowers sugar usage.

Insulin

Hormone produced by the pancreas that decreases blood glucose levels.

Prolactin

Hormone that promotes milk production in the mammary glands.

Aldosterone

Hormone that stimulates secretion of potassium in the kidneys and promotes sodium and water retention.

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline.

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline.

Medial

Toward the middle or midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline or toward the side of the body.

Superficial

Located near the surface of the body.

Deep

Located toward the interior or further away from the surface of the body.

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward or backward.

Supination

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward or forward.

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

CN II

The Optic Nerve; passes through the optic canal and serves as a sensory nerve for vision.