PHL3602: Test 3 (Bracey Review) | Quizlet

Antirealism

It suggests that reality is not fixed and independent of our minds, but rather is shaped by our perceptions and interpretations of demonstrable mechanisms.

Deconstructionism

Challenges the idea of stable, fixed meanings and truth claims by exposing the inherent instability and ambiguity of language and thought.

Epistimic Idealism vs. Epistimic realism

Epestimic idealism is only that which is in your head... your idea of the thing. Epistimic realism is that you know what is in the actual world.

Epistemology

study of knowledge/theory of knowledge

Innate knowledge

Knowledge that is not acquired through experience but is believed to be present at birth or inherent in the human mind.

Irreducible complexity

The idea that parts of organisms are so complex and dependent on one another that they cannot be reduced to something less complex and still function, providing evidence for Creation.

Justification

The process of providing a reasonable and acceptable explanation or rationale for a belief, action, or decision.

What is a Noetic structure

A person's collection of beliefs and the relationships between them.

Omnipotence

the quality of having unlimited or very great power

Omniscience

the state of knowing everything

Open theism

The view that God's omniscience does not require that He know every future state of the world. DOES NOT KNOW FUTURE.

Preformation theory

Eggs and Sperm contain mini people that grow to adulthood

tabula rasa

John Locke's concept of the mind as a blank slate

Jacques Derrida

French literary theorist and founder of Deconstruction.

John Calvin

Sensus divinitatias

What is Sensus Divinitatias

The sense of the divine. Meaning, everyone has the sense that there is a divine being.

Rene Descartes

Father of modern philosophy, "I doubt; ergo I think; ergo I am"

Emmanuel kant

Neumenal and Phenomenal world

Noumenal and Phenomenal worlds

Noumenal world: Things-in-themselves, existence independently of our perception and therefore inaccessible for us to know.

Phenomenal world: Our experience, shaped by our senses and structured by our minds.

Alvin Plantinga

Warrant. Rational belief in God.

Thomas Reid

Direct realist who believed we perceive things as they are, not through perceptions in our minds.

T/F: Human beings can know false propositions

FALSE

we cannot know things that are false

T/F: Nash advocates for what he calls strong nationalism not weak nationalism

False

Strong means knowledge comes purely from reason. Weak allows for reason and experience.

T/F: Whereas coherntism is like a pyramid, foundationalism is like a complex web

FALSE, vice versa.

T/F: whereas Plato was an epistemic realist, Kant was an epistemic idealist

FALSE

kant is a realist and plato is an idealist

T/F: reformed epistemology does not extend to belief forming dispositions about God

FALSE

T/F: In some ways, Hume and Kant anticipate postmodernity

TRUE

T/F: Arminius fits within the tradition of reformed epistemology

TRUE

T/F: In the end, the paradox of the big rock breaks down.

TRUE

T/F: Whereas basic beliefs are dependent on other beliefs, non basic beliefs are not dependent on other beliefs.

FALSE. Basic beliefs are non dependent. That's why they are basic.

Who woke Emmanuel Kant from his rationalistic slumber?

David Hume

Methodological considerations of the existence of God.

1. Epistemological assumptions

   1. Epistemological manner of pursuit

   2. Augustinian and Anselmian position

2. Standards

   1. Must avoid standards being too high or too low

   2. Various burdens of proof

3. Cumulative arguments

   1. The case for God should be cumulative, not based on only one argument

4. Deduction and induction

   1. Deduction guarantees the truth

   2. Induction renders truth more plausible than competitors

Which of the following is not one of the types of knowledge we reviewed?

IDK

Who is the philosophical basis for open theism?

Clark Pinnock, Richard Rice, John Sanders, William Hasker, and David Basinger

What is knowledge?

Justification

Truth

Belief

List some examples of irreducibly complex systems

The Optical System

The Immune System

Red Blood cells

SHORT ANSWER: Tests vs theories of truth. Which is best and why?

Tests are methods for assessing the validity of a claim or belief against some criteria, while theories of truth offer philosophical frameworks for understanding what constitutes truth in general. They are both important. It is a good idea to asses something to see if it matches life experience, if it fits into life's frameworks, but it is also good to test the validity of a belief or claim.

SHORT ANSWER: Foundationalism vs coherentism

Foundationalism:

The idea that truth can be found through a series of propositions that could be analyzed and determined to be true or untrue. This creates a foundation on which understanding can rest and knowledge can be very objective.Distinguished between BASIC and NON BASIC beliefs.Basic beliefs are non dependent of other beliefs, the base of the pyramid.Non basic beliefs are dependent on some more basic belief.

Coherentism:

It implies that for a belief to be justified it must belong to a coherent system of beliefs. All beliefs are equal with all other beliefs. Web shaped: beliefs are all connected.

SHORT ANSWER: Narrow foundationalism vs. broad foundationalism

Narrow foundationalism is too restrictive because it cannot fully know the external world. Narrow foundationalism is too restrictive of basic beliefs. Broad foundationalism on the other hand allows for many basic beliefs to create a wide and strong foundation on which other non basic beliefs are built upon.

ESSAY: Sufficiently summarize and analyze the reformed account of the acquisition of knowledge.

T/F: Man can believe false propositions

True

T/F: Hume denied the existence of causation of the external world and self

False
He denied certainty but not existence

T/F: Disagreement between culture demonstrates the truth of ontological relativism

False
Disagreement does not change truth

T/F: Man may hold a true belief by proposition but not actually know that proposition

True; (JTB) must have all three

T/F: Nash advocates for broad foundationalism over narrow foundationalism

True

T/F: A right view of omniscience refers to the belief that God can literally do anything you imagine

False
Based on a logical contradiction, not a limitation of power

T/F: Whereas impeccability refers to the ability to sin, peccability refers to the ability not to sin

False
Terms are swapped

Which of the following has the least association with Epistemology proper?

(Four terms and you have to figure out which one is not related to Epistemology proper) Think JTB (Justification, Truth, Belief) Ethics might be a good answer

Concerning the noetic structure of one’s belief, why is the option that advocates for epistemic faith insufficient?

“Because it means you can’t know anything”

List two examples of irreducibly complex systems

Vesicular transport in cells
Blood clotting cascade

Which test or theory of truth is best, and why?

Three views

1. Correspondence theory of truth

• Truth is a statement that matches reality (YES)

2. Coherence theory of truth

• Truth is true as long as it fits the way you view the world

3. Pragmatic theory of truth

• Something is only true if it works
  
  1. because truth is objective, absolute. Not based on worldviews or pragmatism.

  • A fictional story can be coherent, but false

  • A placebo drug may make someone feel better, but it does not mean it is a drug.