Ch.3 Population Dynamics

Population Dynamics

studies how populations grow, decline, and change over time

global population trend - growth

Causes of Population Decline

war & social conflict, disease, climate change, economic hardship, famine

Demographic Transition

how populations patterns change as countries develop

social revolution, not just a natrual process

• public health, nutrition, life expectancy, reproduction rates

Steges of Demographic Transition: Phase 1

High Stationary

• high birth rates

• high death rates

• slow population growth

• preindustria

poor santiation, disease, limited food/resources

Steges of Demographic Transition: Phase 2

Early Expanding

• death rates fall

• brith rates high

• rapid population growth

Medical improvment, better food/resources, public health advancments

Steges of Demographic Transition: Phase 3

Late Expanding

• birth rates decline

• death rates low

• population growth slows

urbanization, womens education, family planning, smaller families

Steges of Demographic Transition: Phase 4 Low Statonary

• low birth rates

• low death rates

• stable population growth

industrial locaitons/countries

Demographic Dividend

the accelerated economic growth that occurs when a country’s working-age population outgrows its dependent populaiton

• child mortality drops, fertility rates fall later, working age population develops

Demographic Throughs

periods when population structure creates economics challanges

• labor shortage, economic slowdown, aging populations

Agriculture

key to population growth

diffusion of agriculture - population growth & societal change

Major Pandemics

• Bubonic Plague

• Bubonic Plauge recurrence (Black Death)

• Colombian Encounter