Anemia - A Deep Dive into Its Mechanisms and Effects

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to anemia, its mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments as discussed in the lecture.

Anemia

A reduction in red blood cells or in the oxygen carrying protein hemoglobin.

Erythropoiesis

The production process of red blood cells that occurs in the bone marrow.

Hypoxia

A state where tissues sense they are running low on oxygen, triggering a response to increase red blood cell production.

Erythropoietin

A growth factor produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to hypoxia.

Perfusion

The process of delivering blood to the capillary tissues; adequate perfusion is essential for oxygen delivery.

Hypoxemia

An abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood.

Tachycardia

An increased heart rate that occurs in response to low oxygen levels in the blood.

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood.

Peripheral Perfusion

The flow of blood to the outer parts of the body, such as arms and legs.

Acute Chest Syndrome

A severe complication of sickle cell disease caused by blockages in the lungs, appearing similar to pneumonia.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A type of anemia that occurs due to insufficient iron to produce hemoglobin.

Pica

A craving for non-food items, commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A condition caused by insufficient vitamin B12, leading to issues with red blood cell maturation and nerve function.

Glossitis

An inflammation of the tongue, often presenting as a smooth and beefy red appearance, related to vitamin B12 deficiency.

Folic Acid Anemia

Anemia resulting from a deficiency of folic acid, which does not affect the nervous system.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A common test used to assess the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit in blood.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A blood product that replaces clotting factors.

Albumin

A protein used to maintain osmotic pressure in the blood, keeping fluid from leaking out of vessels.

Red Blood Cell Transfusion (PRBCs)

A common treatment to replace lost or insufficient oxygen-carrying red blood cells.