Exam 3 earth mat

What is a mineral

A naturally occuring crystalline solid with a definite but not necessarily fixed chemical composition

How do igneous rocks form?

Solidification of molten magma

Magma

Naturally occurring molten/semi molten mixture of a liquid phase, solid phase(s), and gas(s)

Common magma compositions

Ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, Felsic

What’s an example of an Ultramafic magma?

Komatiite

Example of a mafic magma

Basalt

Example of Felsic magma?

Rhyolite

Which magma composition is the densest?

basalt magma

Which magma is most buoyant in the crust?

Mafic magma (basalt)

Which magma is the most viscous?

Felsic (rhyolite), more silica content

How is magma produced?

Partially melting the mantle/crust in subduction zones, continental + oceanic rifts, hot spots

Which lithologies make up the mantle?

Ultramafic igneous rocks

-Olivine

-CPX

-OPX