Unit 6 APHUG

Action Space

The area where people move and do their daily activities (home, school, work, stores).

Blockbusting

A racist real estate practice where agents scared white homeowners into selling cheaply by suggesting minorities were moving in.

Boomburb

A fast-growing suburb that becomes very large but isn’t the main city.

Boomburg

A very fast-growing city with huge population growth in a short time.

Brownfield

Old industrial land that may be polluted but can be cleaned up and reused.

Burgess's Concentric Zones

A city model showing cities growing in rings from downtown outward.

Central Business District

The downtown area with tall buildings, offices, and major businesses.

Central Place Theory

A theory explaining why cities form where they do based on providing goods and services.

Cities

Large, dense places where many people live and work.

Colonial Cities

Cities built by European colonial powers using their own design styles.

Commercialization

The process of an area becoming focused on businesses and shopping.

Congregation vs. Segregation

Congregation: groups living together by choice - Segregation: groups separated by discrimination or laws

Conurbantions

Large urban areas formed when multiple cities grow and merge together.

DINKS

“Dual Income, No Kids” couples with high income and no children.

Disamenity Zones

Areas people avoid living in because of pollution, crime, or noise.

Ecological Footprint

The amount of land and resources a population uses.

Edge Cities

Business and shopping centers that develop outside the main city.

European Fuedal Cities

Medieval cities built for protection, often with walls and narrow streets.

Exurbanite

Someone living beyond the suburbs, in rural areas but commuting to the city.

Favela

A poor, informal settlement in Brazil, often built on hillsides.

Galactic City Model

A model showing modern cities with edge cities and highways around the main city.

Gated Communities

Neighborhoods with walls or gates restricting access.

Gateway Cities

Cities that serve as entry points for immigrants.

Gentrification

Wealthy people moving into poorer neighborhoods, raising costs and pushing out residents.

Ghettoization

The process of forcing or trapping minority groups into certain neighborhoods.

Global Cities

Major world cities that influence global finance, culture, and politics (ex: NYC, London).

Gravity Model

Predicts interaction between places based on population size and distance.

Grayfield

Abandoned or failing shopping malls and retail areas.

Greenbelts

Protected open land around cities to limit growth.

Harris/Ullman's Multiple Nuclei model

A city model showing multiple centers of activity instead of one downtown.

Historic Preservation

Protecting old buildings and neighborhoods.

Hoyt's Sector Model

A city model showing growth in wedge-shaped sectors along transportation routes.

Inclusionary Zone

Laws requiring affordable housing in new developments.

Industrial Revolution

Time when factories and machines changed production and caused urban growth.

Infill

Building on empty land inside an existing city.

Inner City Decay

Decline of older city neighborhoods due to poverty and disinvestment.

Invasion and Sucession

When new groups move into a neighborhood and replace older residents.

Latin American City Structure

A city model with a wealthy central spine and poorer outer areas.

Low/Medium/High density housing

Low: houses spread apart - Medium: apartments/townhomes - High: tall apartment buildings

McMansions

Very large, expensive suburban houses.

Megacities

Cities with over 10 million people.

Metacity

Cities with over 20 million people.

Metropolitan Area

A city and its surrounding suburbs.

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Government definition of a metro area based on commuting patterns.

Mixed Use Zone

Areas with housing, businesses, and offices together.

Municipality

A city or town with its own local government.

Network Cities

Cities connected and working together economically.

New Urbanism

Planning style focused on walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods.

Postmodern Architecture

Colorful, unique building designs that mix styles.

Primate Cities

A country’s largest city, far bigger than the others.

Rank Size Rule

Predicts city sizes based on population ranking.

Redlining

Banks refusing loans to people in minority neighborhoods.

Residential segregation

Separation of groups into different neighborhoods.

SINKS

“Single Income, No Kids” individuals with disposable income.

Slum Clearance

Demolishing poor housing to rebuild neighborhoods.

Southeast Asian City Structure

City model influenced by colonialism and rapid growth.

Squatter Settlements

Informal housing built illegally on unused land.

Suburbanization

Movement of people from cities to suburbs.

Teardowns

Small homes demolished to build larger homes.

Urban Decentralization

Movement of people and businesses away from downtown.

Urban Ecology

Study of how people interact with city environments.

Urban Geography

Study of cities and urban life.

Urban Growth Boundary

Line set to limit city expansion.

Urban Heat Island

Cities being warmer than rural areas due to buildings and pavement.

Urban Infastructure

Basic city systems like roads, water, and electricity.

Urban Planning

Designing cities for future growth and organization.

Urban Renewal

Rebuilding older city areas.

Urban Revitalization

Improving city areas without major displacement.

Urban/Suburban Sprawl

Spread of development over large areas.

Urbanism

The culture and lifestyle of city living.

Walkability

How easy it is to walk safely to places.

Yuppies

Young, urban professionals with high incomes.

Zone of Transition

Area around downtown with mixed housing and industry.

Zones of abandonment

Areas left empty due to economic decline.