What Should We Change About Ourselves? - Philosophy at the Movies (Gattaca)

Flashcards covering key concepts from PHL221 lecture on genetic selection, the film Gattaca, and ethical theories by Savulescu and Sandel.

Who directed the 1997 sci-fi film Gattaca, and where did it rank on NASA's list of plausible sci-fi films?

It was written and directed by Andrew Niccol and ranked #1 on NASA’s list.

In the world of Gattaca, how is Vincent Freeman categorized and why?

He is called an "in-valid" because he was conceived without genetic selection and a scan predicted heart problems and a short life expectancy.

Who is Anton in the film Gattaca?

Vincent’s brother, who was conceived using embryo selection to be genetically stronger than Vincent.

What is the study of ethical issues arising in medicine, healthcare, and the life sciences called?

Biomedical Ethics.

What are the common issues addressed in Biomedical Ethics according to the lecture?

Embryo research, abortion, euthanasia, and genetic engineering.

What percentage of births currently involve In-vitro fertilization (IVF)?

$$2\text{--}3\,\%$$

What is CRISPR?

A gene-editing technology that allows scientists to make precise changes to DNA.

What occurred in November 2018 regarding Chinese scientist He Jiankui?

He announced he had used CRISPR to edit the genomes of two embryos for HIV resistance, later resulting in a sentence of $3$ years in prison.

In genetic technology, what is the difference between somatic and germline changes?

Somatic changes affect one patient’s body, while germline changes are heritable and can be passed to future generations.

Define the principle of Procreative Beneficence as defended by Savulescu (2001).

If parents can choose among possible children, they have reason to choose the one expected to have the best life.

What is the core definition of Eugenics?

The attempt to improve a population by controlling who reproduces or which traits get passed on.

What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Buck v. Bell?

The Court upheld Virginia’s forced sterilization law.

How does Liberal Eugenics differ from Old Eugenics regarding the agent and means?

In Liberal Eugenics, the agents are parents/clinics using testing and selection, whereas in Old Eugenics, the agent was the State using coercion and sterilization.

What is Michael Sandel’s (2007) primary objection to genetic enhancement?

The "urge to control and master everything," arguing that children should be treated as gifts rather than products of parental choice.

What are the two types of love Sandel argues parents must balance?

Accepting love and transforming love.

What happened to the character Jerome Morrow in Gattaca?

Despite being genetically excellent, he placed second in a swimming competition, attempted suicide, became paralyzed, and eventually self-immolated.

What is the

A middle-ground approach that supports using genetic technology to treat or prevent serious disease but resists using it for competitive enhancement.

What are some examples of the 'boundary' blurring between therapy and enhancement?

Short stature, ADHD medication for academic edges, and selecting for better memory or lower disease risk.

What three main answers to the genetic technology question were discussed in the lecture?

Procreative Beneficence, Giftedness, and Therapy First.

Which philosopher argues that a just society is one chosen behind a 'veil of ignorance'?

John Rawls.