A&P Test 3 Study Guide

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to joints, muscles, and the nervous system as outlined in the A&P test study guide.

Synarthrosis

An immovable joint.

Amphiarthrosis

A slightly movable joint.

Diarthrosis

A freely movable joint, also known as a synovial joint.

Synovial Joint

A joint that is surrounded by a synovial membrane that produces fluid.

Synovial membrane

Tissue that produces synovial fluid to lubricate joints.

Ligaments

Connective tissues that connect bone to bone.

Cartilage

Tissue that reduces friction in joints.

Skeletal Muscle

A type of muscle that is voluntary.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary striated muscle found in the heart.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary non-striated muscle found in the walls of internal organs.

Sliding Filament Theory

The process of muscle contraction where Ca2+ binds troponin, tropomyosin moves, myosin pulls actin, and ATP resets.

Cross-Bridge Cycle

The process of muscle contraction that includes attachment, power stroke, detaching, and resetting.

CNS

Central Nervous System, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

PNS

Peripheral Nervous System, consisting of nerves outside the CNS.

Action Potential

A temporary change in membrane potential that occurs during depolarization and repolarization.

Depolarization

The phase of action potential where Na+ ions enter the cell.

Repolarization

The phase of action potential where K+ ions exit the cell.

Biceps

Muscle that flexes the arm.

Triceps

Muscle that extends the arm.

Quadriceps

Muscle that extends the knee.

Hamstrings

Muscles that flex the knee.