lab 14: the animal skeleton

the bones of all mammals are

homologous

skeletal system functions

support (anchors the body), protection, movement, calcium reservoir, blood cell formation

the mammalian skeleton are made of two parts

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

appendicular skeleton

pectoral girdle, and all of its appendages, pelvic girdle and all of its appendages

the skull consists of three regions

cranial, facial, mandible regions

facial region bones when viewed from the ventral side

premaxilla, maxilla, palantine, jugal

facial region bones when viewed form the dorsal side

premaxilla, maxilla, nasal, frontal, jugal

cranial region bones when viewed from the ventral side

temporal (tympanic bulla), occipital (occipital condyle), foramen magnum

cranial region bones when viewed from the dorsal side

parietal, temporal, occipital

skull bones

mandible - lower jaw bones

premaxilla - region of the upper jaw which has the inscisors

maxilla - region of the upper jaw that has all the other teeth

nasal - nose bones

frontals - create the dorsal eye socket

palantines - (bones in the palate) create the posterior roof of the mouth

skull bones continued

jugals - the arch of the bones beneath the sys that creates the cheek bones

parietals - create the sides and roof of the cranium

temporals - located at sides and base of the skull

tympanic bullae - middle ear cavity, holds organs of the inner ear

zygomatic arches - bony arch located behind the eye on either side of the jugular

skull bones cont 1

occipital - disc shaped membrane bone located at the back and lower part of the skull

occipital condyles - two elongated oval structures on the underside of the occipital bone

what are the 5 regions of the vertebral column

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

cervical region

located in the neck region

• atlas: the topmost vertebrae in the cervical region, skull support

  • axis: the second vertebre in the cervical region, has a blunt tooth like process that projects anterioly

thoracic

the ribs, small long pedicles, long spinous processes

lumbar

largest segments of the movable part of the vertebreal column

sacral

located behind the pelvis, vertebrea are fused to form the pelvic girdle

caudal

final segment of the spinal column, the tail of the vertebrae