Yaoi + Yuri (Civil) Rights KTQ

Affirmative action

Policies that give preference to historically disadvantaged groups (often in education or employment) to address past discrimination and promote diversity.

Black Codes

Laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of formerly enslaved people.

Boycott

A protest tactic in which individuals refuse to buy or use goods/services to pressure change.

Civil disobedience

The nonviolent refusal to obey laws considered unjust, often used to bring attention to social issues.

De facto equality

Equality that exists in practice (actual conditions), even if not legally required.

De jure equality

Equality that is established by law, regardless of whether it exists in reality.

Desegregation

The legal ending of racial separation enforced by law.

Equality of opportunity

The idea that everyone should have the same chance to succeed, regardless of background.

Equality of result

The idea that everyone should achieve similar outcomes, often requiring redistribution or intervention.

Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated South to challenge segregation laws.

Heightened scrutiny test (Intermediate scrutiny)

A legal standard used by courts (often for gender discrimination) requiring that laws serve an important government interest and are substantially related to that interest.

Integration

The process of combining different racial or social groups into equal participation in society.

Jim Crow laws

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.

Poll tax

A fee required to vote, historically used to disenfranchise poor and minority voters.

Quota programs

Policies that set a specific number or percentage of positions reserved for certain groups.

Sexism

Discrimination based on gender, typically against women.

State action

Actions taken by government bodies; the Constitution generally applies only to state action, not private conduct.

Strict scrutiny test

The highest level of judicial review; laws must serve a compelling government interest and be narrowly tailored, often used in cases involving race.

Suffrage

The right to vote.

Test of reasonableness (Rational basis test)

The lowest level of judicial review; laws must be reasonably related to a legitimate government interest.