Humanities Semester 1

Locations of ancient paintings discovered

Chauvet, France; Lascaux, France; and Altamira, Spain.

Willendorf Venus

A prehistoric figure discovered in Austria.

Megalith

Refers to one of the 'big stones' used in the construction of megalithic sites like Stonehenge.

Cromlech

The category of megalithic structures that includes Stonehenge.

Sin

The god of the moon who was the resident god at Ur.

Babylonian army

Credited with capturing Jerusalem and destroying its temples.

Narmer

An ancient Egyptian leader credited with unifying Upper and Lower Egypt around 3,000 B.C.E.

Amarna style

The new style of art developed during the rule of Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten.

Jade disc known as Pi

Features a dragon and phoenix.

Thera homes

Characterized by elaborately decorated homes, clay pipes for plumbing, and straw-reinforced walls.

Bull symbolism in Crete

Associated with male virility and strength.

Pasiphae

The legendary Minoan queen credited with giving birth to the Minotaur.

Penelope

The wife of Odysseus.

Acropolis

Translated to mean 'top of the city', it refers to the religious center of an ancient Greek city-state.

Agora

Served as the public meeting place, marketplace, and civic center in an ancient Greek city-state.

Entasis

Refers to columns that swell about one-third of the way up and contract near the top.

Demes

Small local areas within the Athenian political system, comparable to precincts or wards.

Metope illustrations on the Parthenon

Depict battles between the Greeks and Trojans, giants, Amazons, and centaurs.

Marcus Junius Brutus

One of the conspirators who stabbed Gaius Julius Caesar.

Imagines

Wax death masks used for naturalism in portrait busts.

Augustus of Primaporta

Sculpture featuring Cupid riding a dolphin.

Ovid and Augustus

Augustus did not favor Ovid's writings and banished him from Rome.

Georgics

Literary pieces that celebrate Augustus's gift of farmlands to veterans.

Colosseum architectural order

Ground floor features Tuscan order, second floor Ionic, third floor Corinthian.

Pantheon oculus

A circular opening at the top, conceived as the 'Eye of Jupiter'.

Patricians

Land-owning aristocrats serving as priests, magistrates, and judges in ancient Rome.

Plebeians

The poorer class comprising craftspeople, merchants, and laborers in ancient Rome.

Wergild

The Anglo-Saxon concept of the 'life-price' of an individual.

Beowulf

An epic poem about a Scandinavian warrior ridding a community of monsters.

Augustine's contributions

Built a cathedral at Canterbury and a church dedicated to St. Paul in London.

Bishop Eadfrith

Designer of the Lindisfarne Gospels.

Roland's horn

Made from the ivory of an elephant's tusk.

Refectory

The dining hall where monks ate their meals.

Barrel vault

An elongated arched masonry structure shaped like a half cylinder.

Voussoir

Wedge-shaped stones that form the arch in a Romanesque church.

Chartres Cathedral significance

Considered the center of the cult of the Virgin throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Tunic of Mary

Considered the most cherished relic at Chartres Cathedral.

Stained-glass programs in Gothic cathedrals

Designed to tell the stories of the Bible.

Tree of Jesse window

Shows the Genealogy of Christ, depicting Virgin Mary as descended from Jesse.

Flying buttress

A traditional support system for Gothic churches built against exterior walls.

Saint Theodore sculpture

Found on the jamb of Chartres' south transept portal, depicted in contrapposto position.

Trivium subjects

Grammar, Rhetoric, and Dialectic.

Bologna's historical significance

First city to found a university and a center for the study of law.

Latin in early education

Mandatory for all first four years of study.

Robert de Sorbon

Significant figure in organizing theology students in Paris.

Peter Abelard

Logician and author of the treatise Sic et Non, taught by dialectical method.

Trotula

Widely recognized as the author of On the Diseases of Women.

Thomas Aquinas

Writer of the Summa Theologiae, prominent spokesman for Scholasticism.

Sainte-Chapelle

A Gothic church featuring the highest ratio of glass to stone.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Credited with painting the fresco known as the Allegory of Good Government.