psych final motivation watson

Drive-Reduction Theory

Theory that physiological needs create aroused states (drives) that motivate behaviors to satisfy them.

Arousal Theory

The idea that we seek an optimal, usually moderate, level of arousal to maximize performance.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Peak performance occurs at intermediate arousal; easy tasks need high arousal, hard tasks need low.

Self-Determination Theory

Theory that humans have three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation for performance that comes from an internal source, such as personal pride.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation for performance that comes from an external source, such as a paycheck.

Instincts

Inborn, fixed, species-specific patterns of behavior that occur in response to certain stimuli.

Lewin's Motivational Conflict Theory

Theory that people are motivated to resolve approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, and approach-avoidance conflicts.

Approach-Approach Conflict

A conflict resolution scenario where a choice must be made between two appealing options.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

A conflict where choices have both positive and negative aspects, involving pros and cons.

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

A conflict resolution scenario where both choices are bad or dominated by negative outcomes.

Sensation-Seeking Theory

The tendency to seek out thrilling and dangerous activities to increase stimulation and arousal.

Eating

The act of consuming food.

Hormones

Chemical substances produced by the endocrine system that regulate the activity of cells or organs.

External Factors

External cues associated with motivational forces.

Broaden-and-Build Theory

Posits that positive emotions broaden momentary thought-action repertoires and build enduring personal resources.

Universality of Emotions

The assumption that core emotions are innate, universal, and experienced by all humans.

Anger

One of the six basic, universal emotions that all people experience.

Disgust

One of the six basic, universal emotions that all people experience.

Sadness

One of the six basic, universal emotions that all people experience.

Fear

One of the six basic, universal emotions that all people experience.

Happiness

One of the six basic, universal emotions that all people experience.

Surprise

One of the six basic, universal emotions that all people experience.

Display Rules

Cultural norms that govern the appropriate expression of emotions.

Elicitors

Stimuli that activate facial emotional expressions, priming a similar emotional response.