Electricity Unit Review Science 9

A series of vocabulary flashcards covering electrical concepts for review.

Static Electricity

The buildup of electric charge on an object's surface due to friction.

Current Electricity

The flow of electric charge in a circuit.

Charged Separation

The process by which positive and negative charges accumulate in different areas, creating a potential difference.

The Law of Electrical Charges

Opposite charges attract each other, while like charges repel one another.

Conductors

Materials that allow electric charge to flow easily (e.g., metals like copper).

Insulators

Materials that do not allow electric charge to flow easily (e.g., rubber, glass).

Electrochemical Cells

Devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy, typically consisting of electrodes and electrolytes.

Batteries

Collections of electrochemical cells connected in a series or parallel configuration to provide a continuous flow of electrical energy.

Dry Cell

A type of electrochemical cell that is portable and contains a paste electrolyte.

Wet Cell

An electrochemical cell that contains a liquid electrolyte.

Electrode

A conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an electrochemical cell.

Electrolyte

A substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in water.

Primary Cells

Non-rechargeable batteries that provide energy until the chemical reactants are depleted.

Secondary Cells

Rechargeable batteries that can be used multiple times by reversing chemical reactions.

Superconductor

A material that can conduct electricity without resistance when cooled below a certain temperature.

Resistance

A measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current in a conductor.

Ohm's Law

A formula stating that the current (I) equals the voltage (V) divided by the resistance (R): $I = \frac{V}{R}$.

Series Circuit

A circuit configuration where components are connected end-to-end, so the current flows through each component sequentially.

Parallel Circuit

A circuit configuration where components are connected across the same two points, allowing multiple paths for current.

Renewable Energy Source

Energy sources that are replenished naturally (e.g., solar power).

Non-Renewable Energy Source

Energy sources that cannot be replenished in a short time frame (e.g., fossil fuels).

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Electromagnet

A type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.

Direct Current (DC)

Electric current that flows in one direction only.

Alternating Current (AC)

Electric current that reverses direction periodically.

Transformers

Devices used to change the voltage of an alternating current in a circuit.