TU: revision- Presidents

FDR

1933-45- POL: passed NIRA/Wagner act- helped with collective bargaining ECO: new deal employment schemes to help lower classes. SOC: 1943-empowered to seize any company where strike action threatened war production

truman

1945-53 POL: vetoed the Taft-Hartley act but congress overruled. ECO: amended fair labour standards act in 1949 to 75 cents an hour. SOC: 14 million members in 1950

JFK

1961-63- POL: Executive order 10988 allowing federal employees to unionise ECO: New frontier policies- 2 million federal workers gains rights, increased minimum wage to 1.25/hour.

LBJ

1963-69 POL: maintained similar to Kennedy ECO: great society and ‘war on poverty’ policies, increased minimum wage to 1.40, poverty rate fell from 19% (1964) to 11% (1973).

Carter

1977-81 POL: attempted and failed to pass labour law reform. ECO: raised minimum wage to 2.65/hour, struggled with inflation. SOC: TU membership peaked at 21 million in 1979.

Theodore Roosevelt

1901-1909: ECO: helped get miners a 10% wage increase after 1902 coal strike SOC; helped workers but not unions

woodrow Wilson

1913-1921 POL: passed Clayton antitrust act 1914, supported Adamson act 1916= introduced a 8-hour working day for railway workers. SOC: formed a new department of labour, union membership= 5 million in 1920

eisenhower

1953-61 POL: did not expand or reduce TU rights, ECO: 33% of workforce were unionised

Nixon

1969-74 POL: attempted to limit union militancy- imposing wage controls in 1971 to restrict some bargaining powers SOC: 1920 occupational safety and health act= covered 57 million.

Andrew Johnson

1865-69 ECO: 1860s, black wages were 50% less than white wages, sharecropping trapped many.

Grover cleveland

1885-89, 1893-97 POL: used fed intervention with 1894 Pullman strike (crushed 250k workers)

reagan

1981-89 POL: fired 11,000 striking air traffic controllers during PATCO strike 1981 ECO: privatisation of public owned companies SOC: union membership dropped below 12%