teas scientific reasoning

Metric System

Standardized measurement system based on the decimal system.

Mnemonic for Metric Prefixes

"King Henry Doesn't Usually Drink Cold Milk" (kilo, hecto, deca, base unit, deci, centi, milli).

Empirical Evidence

Information obtained through observation and experimentation, forming the basis for objective conclusions

independent variable

manipulated or changed in an experiment to test its effect on a dependent variable

dependent variable

the outcome measured in an experiment or study, which "depends" on changes made to the independent variable

control variable

variable held constant and unchanged throughout an experiment to ensure a fair test

Cause and Effect

Relationship where one variable influences another

Reproducibility

Ability to obtain consistent results when an experiment is repeated under the same conditions

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to inquiry involving observation, research, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, and sharing results

meters

length

grams

mass

liters

volume

Ruler

Short, straight distances

Tape Measure

Longer distances

Calipers

Precision for small objects

Balance Scale

Compares mass of two objects

Digital Scale

Precise measurement (ingredients, chemicals).

Spring Scale

Measures mass using gravity's force

Graduated Cylinder

Accurate liquid volume (ml to liters).

Measuring Cup

Common for liquids and bulk solids

Pipette

Precision for small liquid amounts (ml or smaller)

Millimeters (mm)

Very small (credit card thickness)

Centimeters (cm)

Everyday objects (notebook width)

Meters (m)

Larger distances (room length)

Kilometers (km)

Geographical distances (between cities)

Milligrams (mg)

Very small weights

Grams (g)

Small items

Kilograms (kg)

Larger weights

Milliliters (ml)

Smaller volumes

Liters (L)

Larger liquid quantities

Kiloliters (kL)

Very large liquid capacities

Empirical Evidence

Information from observation, experimentation, and investigation, must be observable and measurable.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive (patterns, colors, textures, behaviors)

Quantitative Data

Numerical (length, height, frequency, quantities).

Observation

Initial recognition of a phenomenon (using five senses)

Research

Gathering background information from reliable sources

Hypothesis

A specific, testable prediction, often an "if-then" statement

Experiment

Testing the hypothesis

experimental group

set of participants or items in a research study that receives the treatment, intervention, or manipulation being tested

control group

subject in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment

conclusion

synthesizes main points, restates the thesis in a new way, and provides closure

Repetition and Verification

Repeating experiments to ensure reliability and accuracy, refining theories.

Sharing Results

discussing findings through journals, conferences, or databases for feedback and validation