Chapter 1 PP Slides

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering basic chemical principles, the scientific method, states of matter, intensive/extensive properties, SI units, and significant figures based on Chapter 1.

Chemistry is defined as the study of __________ and the changes it undergoes.

matter

A __________ is a tentative explanation for a set of observations.

hypothesis

A __________ is a concise statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions.

law

The formula for Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion is __________.

$$Force = mass \times acceleration$$

A __________ is a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them.

theory

The chemical formula for the microscopic view of rust shown in the notes is __________.

$$Fe_2O_3$$

A __________ is a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties.

substance

There are currently __________ identified elements, of which __________ occur naturally on Earth.

118; 82

A __________ is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.

compound

In a __________ mixture, the composition is not uniform throughout.

heterogeneous

Unlike compounds, mixtures can be separated into their pure components by __________ means.

physical

The process of __________ can be used to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen.

electrolysis

The three states of matter are different from one another based on the __________ distance.

intermolecular

A __________ change alters the composition or identity of the substance, such as hydrogen burning in air to form water.

chemical

An __________ property of a material, such as mass or volume, depends upon how much matter is being considered.

extensive

Density, temperature, and color are examples of __________ properties because they do not depend on the amount of matter.

intensive

The SI base unit for amount of substance is the __________.

mole

The SI prefix for $10^{-9}$ is __________.

nano-

The equation for density is __________.

$$d = \frac{m}{V}$$

The densest element known is __________.

Osmium

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, the formula used is __________.

$$K = (^{\circ}C + 273.15)$$

On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at __________ and boils at __________.

$$32\,^{\circ}F; 212\,^{\circ}F$$

In scientific notation, the number of atoms in $12\,g$ of carbon is expressed as __________.

$$6.022 \times 10^{23}$$

When adding or subtracting in scientific notation, the first step is to write each quantity with the same __________.

exponent

According to significant figure rules, zeros to the __________ of the first nonzero digit are not significant.

left

When multiplying or dividing, the number of significant figures in the result is determined by the original number with the __________ number of significant figures.

smallest

__________ refers to how close each measurement is to the actual or true value.

Accuracy

__________ error produces values that are either all higher or all lower than the actual value.

Systematic

The __________ method is the procedure used to solve problems by carrying units through calculations using conversion factors.

dimensional analysis