________ occurs when an artist- negotiates more money or a better deal after the initial success of a project.
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Artist Manager
________- plan album projects, record releases and tours, marketing and merchandising, helps get paid for their work.
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PPD
________ stands for- Published Price to Dealer.
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Emile Berliner
________ invents the in 1888- Gramophone.
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Promoter
________- plans events, looks for a good venue, negotiates fees, and then ________ the event.
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10 inch
The armed services and governments helped sponsor recordings of- ________ discs, and V discs.
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Recoupment
________ requires the artists to- pay back money to the label loaned before they made a profit.
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World War II
________ was a time of great tragedy worldwide,
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Radio
________ was an appealing medium for massive advertising revenue, destabilizing and cutting in half the recording industry.
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demo
A(n) ________ is- a sample recording of an artists music.
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Role of a publisher
________- registers work for the writer, collects money to pay to the writer, promotes the work.
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Master Disc
________ was composed of- zinc covered with a thin layer of acid- resistant wax.
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License Deal
________- Artist owns the copyrights and ownership of work, the label has the right to use the music for a certain time (7 years)
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R
A & ________- Artist, and Repertoire, locates and signs new talent, works with a choice of producers, recording studio selection, and scouts for new trends and music.
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sign talent
The role of A & R is to create cover art T OR F- False, it is to search for and ________.
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Wholesale price
________ is 10 dollars- Since the ________ is 10 dollars and artist obtains 10 %, the artist receives 1 dollar.
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Psychedelics rock
________ helped bring- two- channel stereophonic recordings, and the stereo effect was manipulated.
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Columbia Phonograph Company
________ invented the Nickel Jukebox, allowing them to survive the dwindling 1980s economy.
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Mechanical Royalties
________- every time a song is manufactured to be sold in a CD, downloaded in a music retail site or streamed through services like Spotify, the writer receives a(n) ________.
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Merch Sales Team
________- responsible for supplying merch in various stores.
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Publicist
________- the person who deals with media and public relations.
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Music Modernization Act
________- Extended Federal copyright protection to ALL Sound Recordings, regardless of their date of creation.
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Cylinder Technology
________- played for about 2 mins, used hard plastic, and earliest commercialization medium for recording and reproducing music.
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Portable music
________ in the 1940s- Small portable radios.
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Music Composition
________ copyrights pay- songwriters, composers, and publishers.
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Developmental Deal
________ (Demo /Single Deal)- Label funds artist, decides if the artist sales are worth it, depends on if single or demo does good.
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tape recording
The ________ was introduced, allowing audio engineers to cut and edit sound on many tracks, such as in psychedelic and rock and roll, such as two- channel stereophonic sound.
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What company did Edison create
Edison Speaking Phonograph Company, 1887
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What was the improved version of the Phonograph
The
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Cylinder Technology
played for about 2 mins, used hard plastic, and earliest commercialization medium for recording and reproducing music
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1910s Colombia Records phased out what technology
The cylinder
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Emile Berliner invents the in 1888
Gramophone
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Master Disc was composed of
zinc covered with a thin layer of acid-resistant wax
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The first international Phonograph Company
Colombia Records
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The First peak
1900-1925, phonographs quickly changed to the cylinder
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What Label dominated Europe
HMV
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To fight the fall of the industry, manufacturers improved the
form of the record, using microphones and electronic amplifiers in the studio
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Victor was bought by the
Radio Corp of America, RCA
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The first stereophonic recording was in Walt Disney's
Fantasia in 1940
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"Most played in Jukeboxes" category
ranked across the US, helped measure popularity with the younger generations
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The armed services and governments helped sponsor recordings of
10-inch discs, and V discs
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Fred Waring filed a
lawsuit in Pennsylvania to force the broadcasting industry to pay royalties, as standard practice never to pay the musicians, just the copyright owners
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Petrillos War
James Petrillo began demanding compensation for Musicians in 1942 for records being played on radio or jukeboxes
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Petrillos called for this from 1942 thru 1944
A general strike on all record companies
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High Fidelity
popped up in the 1950s, being introduced to the LP
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Business Strategy for Singles
Record Labels would put hit singles on bigger 45 RPM discs in order to force the public to buy the entire album
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After the tape, recording engineers could
practically edit sound after the fact
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Which two individuals would always make multitrack records
Les Paul and Mary Ford
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Rock and Roll used effects like
echo and reverb
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Psychedelics rock helped bring
two-channel stereophonic recordings, and the stereo effect was manipulated
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An example of this sound was the Beatles album,
Sgt
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In 1966 what becomes available
8 track cassette
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Portable music in the 1940s
Small portable radios
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Portable music in the 1955
efficient transitory radios
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Philips Company in Europe introduced the
Compact Cassette on 1962
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By the 1960s
Battery operated portables were the best-selling, displacing the LP as the dominant form of home music technology
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Music Television MTV in the 1980s
had emerged, linked tv and recording through the showing of music videos
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Record executives complain that teenagers tape and swap their favorites albums and advocate
a tax on blank cassettes to make up for the lost revenue from tape trading
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Big 3 Record Labels
Edison, Victor, Columbia
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Last Big 3 Record Labels
Sony, Warner, Universal
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The role of A&R is to create cover art T OR F
False, it is to search for and sign talent
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Why do major labels distribute for Indie Labels
for the sales, market share, credibility, buzz factor, and budget
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80s became most explosive in record audio history because of
CDs and CD Player
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Marketing is responsible for
artwork, web campaigns, and music videos
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Major Labels
represent the majority of the market share, various distribution channels, and are large corporations
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True indie labels have major distributors
FALSE
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The master is the
ORIGINAL recording
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PPD stands for
Published Price to Dealer
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A "reserve" in music terms refers to
money put into holding in the event that the retailer asks for a refund for certain CDs or other products that did not sell
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Business affairs/ legal department handle all artist contracts
TRUE
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Recoupment requires the artists to
pay back money to the label loaned before they made a profit
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A demo is
a sample recording of an artists music
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Escalations occurs when an artist
negotiates more money or a better deal after the initial success of a project
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The royalty rate paid to the artist is higher on albums
TRUE
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Role of a publisher
registers work for the writer, collects money to pay to the writer, promotes the work
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Once I have written and released a song, I should register with
The library of Congress, ASCAP, BMI
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Harry Fox Agency issues mechanical licenses and collects rights income T OR F
TRUE
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In order to sample a record, you need permission of just the copyright owner T OR F
False, you need permission from the songwriter and the copyright owner
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An artist who wrote their own song has full control over who can publish the song for the first time
TRUE
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Wholesale price is 10 dollars
Since the wholesale price is 10 dollars and artist obtains 10%, the artist receives 1 dollar
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Music Modernization Act
Extended Federal copyright protection to ALL Sound Recordings, regardless of their date of creation
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Mechanical Royalties
every time a song is manufactured to be sold in a CD, downloaded in a music retail site or streamed through services like Spotify, the writer receives a mechanical royalty
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A&R
Artist, and Repertoire, locates and signs new talent, works with a choice of producers, recording studio selection, and scouts for new trends and music
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360 Deal
The record label has a hand in every part of the artists career in order to gain more revenue streams (record sales, publishing, touring, merchandise
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180 Deal
Record sales plus one other source of income
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Exclusive Recording Contract or Standard Distribution
built upon the record label behind distribution and promotion of the record, label covers cost, owns audio copyright
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License Deal
Artist owns the copyrights and ownership of work, the label has the right to use the music for a certain time (7 years)
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Manufacturing and Distribution
record label is responsible for Marketing and Distribution, and still recoups costs
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Developmental Deal (Demo/Single Deal)
Label funds artist, decides if the artist sales are worth it, depends on if single or demo does good
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Production Deal
artist isnt signed, but the company will produce the record and pitch it to a label to distribute, label recoups costs, pay production company and then royalties to the artist
Studied by 1 person
