Unit 2 - Part 4 - Intelligence

A complete set of 32 vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering intelligence definitions, theories, measurement scales, and psychometric validity.

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt.

Heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals attributed to genes.

G Factor (General Intelligence)

Spearman’s concept of a general intelligence factor.

Factor Analysis

A statistical method used to identify clusters of related variables (or factors) in a data set.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to reason speedily and abstractly.

Crystallized Intelligence

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory

A widely accepted model of intelligence that divides cognitive abilities into

Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner’s theory that intelligence comes in different forms.

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Sternberg’s model including analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Savant Syndrome

An individual with significant mental disabilities exhibits extraordinary ability in a specific area

Grit

A personality trait characterized by passion and perseverance toward long-term goals

Intelligence Test

A standardized test designed to measure an individual’s cognitive abilities compared to others

Achievement Test

A test designed to assess learned knowledge.

Aptitude Test

A test designed to predict future performance.

Mental Age

Referring to the chronological age at which a person’s cognitive abilities match typical performance.

IQ (Intelligence Quotient)

A numerical measure of intelligence derived from standardized tests.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

The most commonly used intelligence test for adults

Psychometrics

The field of psychology that focuses on designing, administering, and interpreting psychological tests

Standardization

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with a pretested group.

Normal Curve

A symmetrical, bell-shaped graph that represents the distribution of many traits (e.g., IQ scores)

Flynn Effect

The rise in average IQ scores over time.

Reliability

The extent to which a test yields consistent results.

Split-Half for Reliability

A measure of a test’s reliability where the test is divided into two halves, and scores on each half are compared to check consistency.

Correlation Coefficient for Reliability

A statistical value (ranging from $-1$ to $+1$) that indicates the consistency of a test; higher positive values (closer to $+1$) mean greater reliability.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Content Validity

The extent to which a test measures all aspects of the concept it is intended to assess

Construct Validity

The degree to which a test accurately measures the theoretical concept it is intended (e.g., an intelligence test should truly measure intelligence, not just memorization).

Predictive Validity

The extent to which a test successfully predicts future performance (e.g., SAT scores predicting college success).

Growth Mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities can develop through effort, learning, and perseverance, leading to a greater willingness to take on challenges.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities are static and unchangeable, leading individuals to avoid challenges that might expose their limitations.

Stereotype Threat

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.