Organic Chemistry and Fossil Fuels

This set of flashcards covers key concepts in organic chemistry and fossil fuels, focusing on definitions, processes, and their environmental impact.

Fossil Fuels

Substances that release heat energy when burned, including coal, natural gas, and hydrocarbons like methane and propane.

Hydrocarbons

Compounds made from hydrogen and carbon atoms only.

Fractional Distillation

A process used to separate the fractions of petroleum based on their boiling points.

Viscosity

The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow; high viscosity means the liquid is thick and flows less easily.

Complete Combustion

Occurs when there is excess oxygen, producing water and carbon dioxide.

Incomplete Combustion

Occurs when there is insufficient oxygen to burn, producing unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.

 carbon monoxide (CO)

A toxic, odorless gas produced during incomplete combustion that binds to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen transport.

Nitrogen Oxides

Compounds formed when nitrogen and oxygen react under high-pressure and temperature conditions, contributing to atmospheric pollution.

Sulfur Dioxide

A gas produced from the combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels, leading to acid rain.

Catalytic Converters

Devices in vehicles that use catalysts to reduce pollutant gases in exhaust emissions.