Comprehensive Macromolecules, Enzyme Assays, and Cell Transport in Cow Tissues

What is the Beer-Lambert Law?

Absorbance is proportional to concentration.

What does the Bradford assay detect?

Proteins in a solution.

What happens to the color of Bradford reagent when proteins bind?

It changes from brownish red to blue.

What is SDS used for in protein analysis?

It denatures proteins and gives them a negative charge.

What does a darker blue color in the Bradford assay indicate?

More protein concentration.

What is BSA used for in protein assays?

To create a standard curve for determining unknown concentrations.

What is the order of protein concentration in cow tissues from highest to lowest?

Liver, kidney, heart.

What does electrophoresis measure in protein analysis?

The abundance of proteins based on band thickness.

What reagent digests glycogen into glucose?

Amyloglucosidase.

What color does 4-AAP dye turn with more glucose?

Dark red.

What is the purpose of glucose oxidase in the glucose assay?

It allows the reaction to happen.

What is a positive control in glucose assays?

Glucose standards.

What happens to red blood cells in a hypotonic solution?

They appear clear due to low absorbance.

What does a hypertonic solution do to red blood cells?

It makes them cloudy due to high absorbance.

What is the role of SDH in metabolic activity?

It catalyzes the oxidation of succinate in the citric acid cycle.

What does DCIP do in the enzyme assay?

It replaces FAD as an electron acceptor.

What is malonate's role in enzyme assays?

It acts as a competitive inhibitor of succinate.

What statistical test is used to analyze variance in data sets?

ANOVA (analysis of variance).

What does a low p-value indicate in statistical tests?

Statistically significant difference in data.

What color does the hydrogen carbonate indicator solution turn with increased CO2?

Yellow.

What is the purpose of the pGlo plasmid in transformations?

It contains the GFP gene for expression.

What is the function of arabinose in the transformation process?

It turns on the GFP gene.

What is the significance of the compensation point in photosynthesis?

Rate of photosynthesis equals rate of respiration.

What is the function of the bicarbonate indicator solution?

It changes color based on CO2 levels.

What is the purpose of using a negative control in enzyme assays?

To control for outside factors.

What molecule was read by the spectrophotometer in lab 5?

DCIP.

What does a higher concentration of glycogen indicate about a tissue?

It stores glucose until needed.

What does a lower amount of free glucose indicate about tissue function?

The tissue does not require ATP for its function.

What is the effect of more free glucose in a tissue?

It indicates that the tissue uses glycolysis to generate ATP.

What is the significance of the absorbance decrease during the SDH reaction?

It represents the reduction of DCIP by SDH.

What is the formula for normalized SDH activity?

[(initial rxn - final) - (control initial - control final)] x 4, divided by protein concentration.