Life's Molecules: Large Biological Molecules and Water

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to life's molecules, including atoms, bonds, and biological functions.

Atom

A basic unit of matter that contains only one type of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical reactions.

Molecule

A group of two or more of the same or different atoms that are bonded together.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two atoms share one or more electrons.

Ionic Bond

A type of bond in which oppositely charged ions attract each other.

Hydrophilic

Substances that are water-loving, typically have polar bonds and can attract water.

Hydrophobic

Substances that are water-fearing, typically have nonpolar bonds and do not attract water.

Electronegativity

The measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons.

Dehydration Synthesis

A process in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller building blocks.

Hydrolysis

A process in which large molecules are broken down by adding water.

Hydrogen Bond

A weak electrical attraction between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules.

Polarity

The distribution of electrical charge around a molecule, leading to partial positive and negative charges.

Fat-soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that must be consumed with fats or oils because they are not water-soluble.

Water-soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that can be easily absorbed and dissolved in water.

Biomolecules

Large biological molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.

Hydrogen Ion (H+)

A positively charged ion formed when a hydrogen atom loses its electron.