Race and ethnicity test three

Immigration act of 1965

-Eliminated a nation based quota system which was set in the immigration act of 1924

-Established prefrence ; family ties, refugee status, special skills
- Set annual maximum immigration quota ( total 170,00 a year each nation 20,000)

IRCA of 1986

Employers must verify the status of new employees and if they neglect to do so they will be fined

Amnesty- anyone eho can prove that they lived in the us since january 1st 1982 or before can obtain a green card

Agribusiness Guest worker program- Immigrant guest workers can enter the us on a temporary basis

Immigrant act of 1990

-Increased maximum to 700,000

-Created a preference for immigrants from recently underrepresented nations “diversity immigration”

-Created a preference for immigration investors

Immigration act of 1996

Under this immigration act 1.) one cannot appeal the deportation decision 2.) deportation can be enforced retroactively 3.) One will be incarcerated while awaiting deportation 4.)a judge’s discretion to waive deportation is reduced 5.) it mandates deportation of immigrants convicted of drug offense.

Lau v. Nichlos

Submerson (putting ELL students in regular classrooms without proper accommodations) is unconstitutional.

Horne v. Flores

This decision affirmed “immersion” as an effective strategy, thus transitional or maintenance types were not to be used

Proposition 227

-61% voted for it

-All students in california will be taught in only english

-Ell students will be placed in one year immersion programs

Consonant acculturation

Assimilation into american culture at the same speed and is extended across generations

Dissonant acculturation

After immigration, children assimilation into american cuture is much faster than parents.

Immigration optimism

America is the land of opportunity

Immigrant pessimism

America is the land of racial discrimination

Racial discrimination systems

-1.) action by individual 2.) a condition within each sphere, such as education disparities

-The concept of “race discrimination system” sees racial discrimination in terms of interrelated nature of racial disparities

-It identifies a set of dynamically realated subsystems in which 1.) disparities systematically favor certain groups 2.) disparities across subsystems are mutually reinforcing, and 3.) one source of disparities in a subsystem in discrimination

Understand the general characteristics/ profiles of Latinx Americans

-62.1 million (18.7% of population)

-Mexican 63% -Puerto Rican 9.2% - cuban 3.5% - salvadoran 3.3% - dominican 2.8%

-California 15 mill -Texas 10.4 mill -Florida 4.8 mill -NY 3.5 mill

-1/3 is under 18, once they hit voting age, political influence will increase

-Ba or higher: Cuban 25%, Puerto Rican 16% dominican 15% mexican 11%

4 patterns of immigration settlement

concentration

70% of foreign people in the us are residing in 6 states ( CA, NY, TX, FL, NJ, IL)

4 patterns of immigration settlement

Diffusion

Since the 1990s more immigrant move to states such as north carolina, kansas, and nebraska (job oppurtunity)

4 patterns of immigration settlement

Uneven Settlement

Within each state immigrant tend to settle in specific locations

4 patterns of immigration settlement

Segmented assimilation

A particular immigrant group tend to assimilate into a specific sector of american society (indians in high tech areas)

What law did the city of hazleton pass in 2006?

The city of Hazleton passes a local ordinace which 1.) revokes the licence of buisness that employed undocumented immigrants and 2.) fines landlords who rent to undocumented immigrants

What did the federal appeals court decide about the Hazleton law on sep 9th 2010

In 2010, the federal court of appeals struck down the Hazleton ordinance because it infringed on the federal government’s exclusive power to regulate immigration

What was happening in farmingville in the late 1990’s into the early 2000s? What was the specific issue?

-Many hispanic immigrants moved to farmingville ny due to job opportunity on various locations on long island

-Issue- day laborer hiring site- in response to many hispanic men standing at the corner of streets waiting for a business owner to hire them - short period of time local authorities considered to establish the day laborer hiring site- lengthy process, divided community, motion was defeated

What characterizes Arizona immigration bill signed in April 2010?

-Makes it a crime under state law to be in the county without proper documentation(significance- state agent (troopers) can enforce immigration laws)

-Required immigrants to have proof of immigration status

-requires police officers to make a “reasonable” attempt to determine the immigration status of someone

What characterized Alabamas immigration bill in june 2011

-includes everything in Arizona’s bill and more

-required public school to determine the immigration status of all students

-Requires public schools to publish the number of undocumented children and cost (tax) associated with their children

What is birthright citizenship?

“All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to jurisdiction therefor, are citizens of the united states and of the state wherein they reside, as established by the 14th Amendment.

How many states grant birthright citizenship today?

34

What is DACA? Who is elidgible?

-Policy allowed certain undocumented immigrants to escape deportation and obtain renewable work permits for a period of two years

-To apply, an immigrant must be younger than 31 on June 15th, 2012, must have come to the US before the age of 16, must have lived in the US since 2007 (must pay a $495 fee)

How many ELL students in the united states?

Aout 5.1 mill ELL students in the uus public schools

What state has the highest number of ELL students

California has the highest number with 1.4 mill

Understand the general characteristics/ profiles of Asain American?

5.9% of us population

6 larger groups account for 83% asain americans- chinease 4.9mill. indian 4 mill. filipino 3.9 mill. vietnamese 2 mill. korean 1.8 mill. japanese 1.4 mill

-asian unauthorized immigrants made up about 13% of the 11.1 mill who live in the us

What is Cornel Wests point on how to engage in a serious discussion on race and america?

“To engage in a serious discussion of race in America, we must begin with the flaws of American society- flaws rooted in historic inequalities and longstanding cultural stereotypes