Arthrology: Bone Connections and Joints

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the classification of bone connections, types of sutures, joint structures, and physiological movements based on the lecture notes.

Arthrology (Artrologiya)

The science and study of the connections between bones.

Synarthrosis (Sinartroz)

Uzluksiz (continuous) connections where bones are joined by connective tissue or cartilage, resulting in limited or no movement.

Diarthrosis (Diartroz)

Harakatchan (mobile) connections, also known as joints (articulatio), characterized by a cavity between the bones.

Syndesmosis (Sindesmos)

A type of synarthrosis where bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue, such as interosseous membranes (suyaklararo parda) or ligaments (boylam).

Sutura (Chok)

A form of syndesmosis specifically found in the skull where bones are joined by a thin layer of fibrous tissue.

Synchondrosis (Sinxondroz)

A type of synarthrosis where bones are joined by cartilage, which also serves as a shock absorber (amortizator).

Synostosis (Sinostoz)

The result of the ossification of the membranes or cartilage between bones, uniting them into a single bone, such as in the adult sacrum (dumg'aza).

Articular Cartilage Thickness

A layer of cartilage covering bone surfaces in joints, measuring between $0.2-0.6\,mm$ in thickness to provide smoothing and amortization.

Capsula articularis

The joint capsule that surrounds the articulation to protect and enclose the joint cavity.

Synovial Fluid

A clear liquid within the joint cavity that moisturizes the articular surfaces and prevents friction.

Sutura vera (True suture)

A suture where the margins of the bones are interlocked, including varieties like dentata, serrata, and limbosa.

Sutura dentata

A true suture named for the tooth-like form of its projecting processes, such as between the parietal bones.

Sutura serrata

A true suture where bone edges are shaped like the teeth of a fine saw, as found between portions of the frontal bone.

Sutura limbosa

A true suture featuring interlocking and bevelling where bones overlap, such as between the parietal and frontal bones.

Sutura notha (False suture)

A suture formed by roughened surfaces placed in apposition, including the squamosa and harmonia varieties.

Sutura squamosa

A false suture formed by the overlapping of broad bevelled margins, like the temporal and parietal bones.

Sutura harmonia

A false suture featuring simple apposition of contiguous rough surfaces, such as between the maxillae.

Ligg. extracapsularia

Ligaments formed by the outer fibrous capsule that strengthen the joint from the outside.

Ligg. intracapsularia

Ligaments located inside the joint capsule, usually covered by a synovial membrane.

Frontal Axis Movement

Movement occurring around the transverse axis consisting of flexion (bukish) and extension (yozish).

Sagittal Axis Movement

Movement occurring from front to back, resulting in adduction (yaqinlashish) or abduction (uzoqlashish).

Kombinatsiyalangan bo'g'imlar (Combined joints)

Two separate joints that work together to perform a single movement, such as the temporomandibular joint (pastki jag' bo'g'imi).

Simple Joints (Oddiy bo'g'imlar)

Joints formed by the union of only two bones.

Complex Joints (Murakkab bo'g'imlar)

Joints formed by the participation of three or more bones.

Disci intervertebralia

The $23$ fibrous-cartilaginous discs found between the vertebrae of the spinal column.

Articulatio atlantoaxialis lateralis

Specific joints formed between the first and second cervical vertebrae.