DNA Test
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40 Terms
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA’s function?
Stores genetic information
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
What shape is DNA?
Double helix
What makes up the sides of DNA?
Sugar-phosphate backbone
What makes up the rungs of DNA?
Base pairs
What bonds hold base pairs together?
Hydrogen bonds
What pairs with Adenine?
Thymine
What pairs with Cytosine?
Guanine
What are purines?
Double ring bases (A, G)
What are pyrimidines?
Single ring bases (T, C)
What does antiparallel mean?
Strands run opposite directions
What is DNA replication?
Copying DNA
What enzyme unzips DNA?
Helicase
What enzyme adds nucleotides?
DNA polymerase
What is a gene?
Section of DNA that codes for a protein
What is a codon?
3-base sequence coding for amino acid
DNA vs RNA strands?
DNA double, RNA single
DNA vs RNA sugar?
DNA deoxyribose, RNA ribose
RNA base instead of thymine?
Uracil
What is transcription?
Making RNA from DNA
What does mRNA do?
Carries code to ribosome
What are exons?
Parts kept in RNA
What are introns?
Parts removed from RNA
What is translation?
Making protein from mRNA
What does tRNA do?
Brings amino acids
What is an anticodon?
3 bases on tRNA
Where does translation happen?
Ribosome
What are stop codons?
UAG, UAA, UGA
mRNA function?
Carries instructions
tRNA function?
Brings amino acids
rRNA function?
Makes ribosomes
What is a mutation?
Change in DNA sequence
What is insertion?
Adding bases
What is deletion?
Removing bases
What is substitution?
Replacing bases
What is a mutagen?
Something that causes mutations
Where is DNA located?
Nucleus
Why can’t DNA leave nucleus?
Too large
What determines phenotype?
Proteins made by genes