3016: CHAPTER 27 OLDER ADULTS FINAL

CHAPTER 27 OLDER ADULTS *notebooklm

What is the pattern of physical development in children?

• Cephalocaudal (head → toe)

• Proximodistal (center → outward)

What are key adolescent developmental stages?

• Identity formation (Erikson)

• Puberty (Tanner stages)

When is puberty considered abnormal?

• Girls <8 or no development by 13

• Boys <9 or no development by 14

Which age group is MOST at risk for STIs?

15–24 years old

Common STIs in adolescents?

• Chlamydia (most common)

• Gonorrhea

• HPV

• HIV

Risk factors for STIs?

• Multiple partners

• Unprotected sex

• Substance use

STI prevention education?

• Abstinence or condoms

• Routine testing

• HPV vaccine!!!!

What is priority in pediatric assessment?

Airway + breathing (respiratory distress first)!!!!

Signs of respiratory distress in children? (Pediatric Assessment)

• Nasal flaring

• Retractions

• Tachypnea

What is a key cardiac abnormal finding? (Pediatric Assessment)

Abnormal murmur + symptoms (fatigue, cyanosis)

Common childhood illnesses?

• Otitis media

• Respiratory infections (asthma, bronchiolitis)

• GI infections

Why are children prone to ear infections?

Short, horizontal Eustachian tube

What tool is used to assess growth? (Growth assessment)

Growth charts (CDC/WHO)

What is plotted on growth charts? (Growth assessment)

• Height

• Weight

• BMI (≥2 years)

What is considered abnormal growth? (Growth assessment)

Crossing percentiles or failure to grow consistently!!!

Routine screenings for children? (Common tests)

• Lead screening

• Vision + hearing tests

• Developmental screening

When screen for autism? (Common tests)

18 and 24 months

What must be screened in adolescents? (Common tests)

• Depression

• Suicide risk

• Bullying/violence

Key safety education topics for children? (Preventative education to decrease illnesses or harm)

• Car seats/seat belts

• Helmet use

• Water safety

• Fire safety

Substance use education?

Avoid alcohol, drugs, vaping (affects brain development)

Nutrition recommendations?

• Limit sugar/fats

• Increase activity (≥60 min/day)

What is Bright Futures?

National guideline for pediatric health promotion & prevention