AP World History: Imperialism, Revolutions, and Globalization

Flashcards covering key terminology, historical events, and economic concepts from AP World History, including imperialism, the World Wars, decolonization, and globalization.

Gun powder horn

A container used by soldiers to hold gun powder and prevent it from getting wet.

Raj

A period of rule or sovereignty, particularly referring to British rule in India.

Jewel in the crown

A term describing India as the most valuable colony of the British Empire.

Uprising of 1857

A revolt of Indian soldiers that resulted in the end of British East India Company rule and the establishment of the British raj with a viceroy/governor-general.

Indian National Congress

A political organization founded in $1885$ for political mobilization, equal rights, and eventual independence.

Palm oil

A resource from Nigeria and West Africa important for the lubrication of machines and household objects.

Rubber

A resource from the central African rain forest used for insulation wiring and tires.

Berlin Conference 1885

A meeting that established the "effective occupation" rule for the Scramble for Africa.

Royal Niger Company

A company that sought a monopoly on palm oil to control raw materials and cut out African middlemen.

Taiping Rebellion

A movement aimed at creating a "Heavenly Kingdom" characterized by the equality of men and women before God and on Earth.

Meiji Restoration

Defensive modernization attempts in Japan to strengthen the military and industry against foreign influence.

Boxer Rebellion

A militant rebellion in China against foreign influence.

Militarism

One of the causes of World War I characterized by an arms race among major powers.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The individual whose assassination in $1914$ served as a major event triggering World War I.

Trench warfare

A method of combat commonly used on the Western Front during World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

The $1919$ agreement that ended WWI, imposed harsh penalties on Germany, and later became a cause of WWII.

Bolsheviks

The group led by Lenin that represented factory workers and peasants during the $1917$ Russian Revolution.

League of Nations Mandate

A system of colonies established during the interwar period that replaced existing imperial structures.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a political and military alliance of $32$ countries formed in $1949$.

Warsaw Pact

An alliance formed in $1955$ consisting of the Soviet Union and occupied Eastern European countries like Poland.

Partition

The act of physically dividing a single country or territory into $2$ or more separate independent nations, such as India and Pakistan in $1947$.

Demographic transition

The historical shift of a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates during industrialization.

Atlantic Charter

A document used by the US to promote self-determination and open markets after WWII.

Mono-economies

Economies that are dependent on a single cash crop, making them vulnerable to price drops.

Green Revolution

A farming revolution involving chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and hybrid high-yield crops to increase food production for a growing population.

IGO

Inter government organizations, which are political groups like the United Nations, WTO, and IMF.

NGO

Non-government organizations, which are private groups such as Greenpeace, Red Cross, and Doctors Without Borders.

Knowledge economies

Modern economies based on information and services rather than physical manufacturing, often utilizing outsourced labor.

J-Shape curve

The overall pattern of exponential population growth and expanding wealth.

Desertification

The conversion of non-desert land into desert, often caused by farming expansion and deforestation.