bio 115 exam 3 (phylogenetics and bacteria)

Non living replicating organisms

Viruses and prions

Living replicating organisms

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Earth began as an

Abiotic environment

Which scientist challenged the dogma of spontaneous generation

Francisco redi

Experiment that explained that all living things come from living things

Formed by pasteur

Eukaryotes

Animals, plants, fungi, protozoans

Where we find life….

We find water

Hydrothermal vents

Extremely high pressure, hot hydrothermal fluids, mix with very cold water

Miller Urey experiment

other gasses present in atmosphere from volcanic eruptions etc

Evidence for abiotic synthesis

RNA and dna, John Sutherland

Examples of monomers to polymers

Montomorrillonite clay

Montomorrillonite clay

Very fine microscopic crystals mixed with rna nucleotides

RNA can be

Catalytic

All cells have

A cell membrane

Vesicles and micelles

Spheres of phospholipids that merge to make bilayer

If rna was first….

DNA was naturally selected via natural selection

DNA is more _____ than rna

Chemically stable!

When did life begin?

3.7 billion years ago

Step 1 making life

Liquid water

Step 2 making life

Abiotic organic synthesis

Step 3 making life

Creating polymers

Step 4 making life

defining one’s self

Step 5 making life

Self replication

oldest fossils are those of

cyanobacteria-like

02 is ____ to most early organisms

toxic

***what organism changed earths atmosphere?

cyanobacteria—- added o2

****which plant type is the most diverse?

flowering plants

theory of endosymbiosis

eukaryotic cells evolved when large prokaryotic cells engulfed smaller, aerobic, or photosynthetic bacteria, which then lived inside the host rather than being digested, eventually evolving into mitochondria and chloroplasts

Who created the endosymbiotic theory?

Lynn Marguilis

Symplesiomorphy

shared ancestral character

synapomorphy

used in monophyletic, shows shared characteristic from ancestor

Prokaryotes are diverse

metabolically

prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes because of…

diffusion

bacillis cerus

common in soil, can cause food poisoning

eukaryotes are bigger than prokaryotes because of

the endomembrane system

photoautotroph

sunlight to chemical energy

chemoautotroph

inorganic to organic chemicals (us)

cell wall is made of

peptodiglycan

gram negaqtive bacteria have an

outer membrane

a cell membrane is a…

selective barrier

gram positive cells have a

very thick layer of peptodiglycan

which bacterial cell is harder to treat?

gram negative because of two selective barriers

flagellum is ___ with eukaryotes

analagous

most diverse known named species

insects

predicted most diverse species

bacteria