Ionic and Covalent Bonds Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to ionic and covalent bonds, molecular geometry, electronegativity, and solutions as presented in the lecture notes.

Ionic Molecules

Molecules that can form ions, including polyatomic ions.

Polyatomic ions

Ions formed from multiple atoms.

Hydronium ion

The positive ion when water gains a hydrogen ion, represented as H₂O+.

Hydroxide ion

The negative ion when water loses a hydrogen ion, represented as OH^-.

Ionic bond

A bond formed from the transfer of electrons between oppositely charged ions.

Ionic compound

A compound formed by the combination of cations and anions, such as NaCl.

Metallic bond

A bond characterized by a sea of free-flowing electrons between metal ions.

Covalent bond

A bond resulting from the sharing of valence electrons between nonmetals.

Valence-shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR)

A rule that predicts the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond.

Dipole

The separation of charge in a covalent bond.

Hydrogen bond

A special attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Concentration

A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.

Molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.