AP World Unit 4

Caravel

Small, fast Spanish/Portuguese ship used for exploration

Fluyt

Dutch cargo ship designed to carry more good with a smaller crew

Mercantilism

Strategy to export more than import to build gold reserves

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese royal who funded exploration/mapping

Vasco da Gama

First European to reach India by sea (around Africa)

Trading Post Empires

Built by Portuguese to control trade routes, not land.

Christopher Columbus

His 1492 voyage linked the Americas to the Afro-Eurasia

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of crops, animals, and germs between hemispheres

Smallpox

Disease that killed up to 90% of the indigenous American population

Horse

European animal that transformed indigenous plains cultures

Maize (Corn) & Potatoes

American crops that boosted Afro-Eurasian populations

Sugarcane

Labor-intensive crop that fueled the growth of the slave trade

Okra & Rice

Crops brought to the Americas by enslaved Africans

Treaty of Tordesillas

Split the Americas between Spain and Portugal

Encomienda System

Spanish forced labor of indigenous people

Hacienda

Large Spanish estates in the Americas

Silver

Main commodity mined in the Americas; globalized the economy

Potosi

Massive Silver mine in modern day Bolivia

Middle Passage

The trek across the Atlantic for enslaved Africans

Triangular Trade

Route between Europe (weapons), Africa (slaves), and Americas (sugar)

Joint Stock Company

Investors pooling money for global trade (VOC/EIC)

Monopoly

Exclusive control of a market (ex. Dutch spice trade)

Syncretism

Blending of religions (ex. Santeria or Virgin of Guadalupe)

Casta System

Social hierarchy in the Americas based on race.

Peninsulares

People born in Spain (top of the Casta system)

Creoles

Spaniards born in the Americas (led many later revolutions)