the renaissaince

When and what was the Renaissance?

1300→1600, a revolution of architecture, art, knowledge, and scientific discovery; changed focus from God to man; leads to protestant revolution

Feudalism

socioeconomic structure of the middle ages; church was highest authority, lords, ladies, and peasants; no upward social mobility

black death

mass death lead to a questioning of the church

humanism

learning leads to a better earthly life (not just afterlife)

secularism

seperation of church and state

individualism

individual more important than larger community

3 renaissance ideas

humanism, secularism, individualism

florence, italy

center of trade throughout mediteranean and middle east; ruled by the medicis

medici family

powerful family in florence; owned largest bank in europe; patrons of the arts; 4 popes

rome and venice

led by pope- wealthy merchants

pope Leo X

medici

spent money on sistine chapel, st. peters cathedral and beautifying florence

bankrupts the church

has relatives pawn church treasures

starts sale of indulgences

indulgences

catholic church sold these in promise that they absolved people of their sins in order to pay for excesses of the church—leads to questioning/reformation

Niccolo Machiavelli

politician and diplomat to the medici befor ehe fell out of the favor; father of modern political science; wrote “the prince” where he gave a practical guide of how to acquire and maintain power

realism

dominate art idea; people and living world, not just God; image of modern beauty

Michelangelo

painter and sculptor

David, Sistine Chapel, St. Peter’s

Leonardo Da Vinci

artist, inventor, engineer, mathematician

Mona Lisa, Last Supper, Salvator Mundi

Donatello

sculptor

David (bronze), Penitent Magdalene

Raphael

painter

School of Athens, Sistine Madonna

Botticielli

painter

Birth of Venus, La Primavera

Johannes Gutenberg

printing press

Nicholas Copernicus

established sun is the center of the solar system (heliocentrism); founder of modern astronomy

Johannes Kepler

calculated orbits of planets around the sun

Francis Bacon

developed scientifc method

Galileo Galilei

invented powerful telescope; proved Copernicus correct; church made him recant and arrested him

Isaac Newton

laws of gravity and motion; revolutionary calculus and mechanics