Anatomy exam 4

Crepuscular

active during dawn and dusk

Cecotrophy

consumption of cecal pellets in order to absorb the products of fermentation

Cecotrophy helps obtain what from plants

protein

What do cecal pellets look like

grape-like clusters covered in mucus

What animals participate in cecotrophy

rabbits and guinea pigs

Since there is a blind spot right in front of the rabbits face, how do they select the most nutritious part of the plant to eat

use their lips and vibrissae to discriminate

What are the teeth behind the main upper incisors in rabbits called

peg teeth

Rabbits have how many upper premolars per side

3

How do lower incisors rest in comparison to the upper incisors in rabbits and rodents

caudal

The lingual artery runs close to what in rabbits

lower cheek teeth

Rabbit and rodent incisors are

elodont

Rabbit and guinea pig premolars and molars are

hipsodont

Rat molars are

brachiodont

Do rats have any premolars

no

Anisognathus

mandible is wider than the maxilla

Where do points form on rabbit teeth

upper buccal, lower lingual

Rabbits have a lingual torus but no

lingual fossa

Where are foliate papillae located

on the sides of the root of the tongue

The main difference in rabbit and rat GITs lie in the

large intestine

Rabbits have a strong cardia lined by

non-glandular epithelium

The rabbit duodenum has an acute angle at the 1st flexure which is at risk for

compression by the liver

What comes first in the rabbit the bile duct or the pancreatic duct

bile duct

What unique structure in rabbits is located at the caudal duodenal flexure

caudal ansae

The dilation at the end of the ileum in rabbits

sacculus rotundus

What lymphoid structure is located at the ileocecal junction

ileocecal tonsil

The vermiform appendix is made up of what kind of tissue

lymphoid

At what end of the cecum is the vermiform appendix

apical

What does the vermiform appendix secrete in rabbits

bicarbonate

Function of the vermiform appendix

buffer cecal acids

What is the only thick walled part of the cecum in rabbits

vermiform appendix

The cecum acts as what in the rabbit

fermentation chamber

The rabbit cecum is comparatively

the largest of all animals

The cecum golds what % capacity of the entire rabbit intestinal contents

40%

What causes the sacculated appearance of the cecum in rabbits

internal spiral fold

What are the 3 gyral folds of the cecum in rabbits

gyrus primis ceci, gyrus secundus ceci, and gyrus tertius ceci

Cecal pellets are fermented in what organ for 6 hrs without digestion

stomach

What are the 3 loops of the ascending colon in rabbits

proximal ansa, central ansa, and distal ansa

The rabbit colon is functionally divided into

proximal colon, fusus coli, and distal colon

Fusus coli

pacemaker that regulates the passage of intestinal contents into the distal colon in rabbits

What controls the fusus coli

ANS and aldosterone

The fusus coli controls the production of

cecal pellets and feces

What animal is the fusus coli found in

rabbits

Where is the fusus coli in rabbits

caudal end of the transverse colon

The distal colon in rabbits is identified by the lack of

taeniae and haustrae

What lobes of the liver do rabbits have

Left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right, and caudate

Do rabbits have a gallbladder

yes

The caudate lobe in rabbits has what processes

caudate and papillary

The caudate lobe of the rabbit liver is pendulous and at risk for

torsion

Where is the head of the pancreas found in the rabbit

mesoduodenum

ad libtum

all day

Food restriction in what animals can increase longevity in captivity

rodents

TMJ joint in rodents

great opening capacity

What extra tooth do guinea pigs have that rats do not

premolar

What makes rat incisors orange/yellow

iron pigmentation

Do rodents have a lingual torus

yes

Guinea pig stomach

fully glandular

Rat stomach

divided into glandular and non-glandular mucosa

The cecum lies on what side of the abdomen in rats

left

The jejunum lies on what side of the abdomen in rats

right

What allows the rat cecum to move inside the abdomen

long meso

Guinea pig cecum has

taeniae and haustrae

Guinea pig colon is functionally divided into

proximal and distal colon

Do rats have a gallbladder

no

Do guinea pigs have a gallbladder

yes

Rat bile duct

shares an exit with the pancreas

Color of the rat pancreas

gray

Color of the guinea pig pancreas

pink

Shape of guinea pig pancreas

triangular

Rabbit lifespan

7-10 years

Rabbit weight

1-7 kg

Common hairless areas on the rabbit

around the nose and inguinal area

What is missing on the plantar surface of rabbit feet

tori (footpads)

How do rabbits stand

plantigrade

How do rabbits run

digitigrade

Blood vessels in rabbit ears

central artery and peripheral veins

Rabbit ears are a major site of

thermoregulation

12% of a rabbit's body surface is their

ears

Rabbit ears can move

independently

Dewlap

skinfold that acts as a reservoir for fat and is important for building nests in female rabbits

What percent of live body weight does the rabbit skeleton make up

6%

What is important to remember when handling rabbits

support the vertebral column

Vertebral formula of rabbits

C7-T12/13-L7-S4-Cd15/16

The clavicles of rabbits are most comparable to what other species and why

cats, they don't articulate with other bones

Rabbit scapula

larger hamate and suprahamate processes

What is different about the rabbit carpus

there is a central carpal bone in between carpals 2 and 3 in the distal row

Why is the rabbit pelvis similar to a dogs

acetabular bone

What two bones are fused in rabbits and rodents

fibula and tibia

What tarsal bones do rabbits have

calcaneus, talus, central tarsal, tarsal bones 2, 3, and 4

HR of a rabbit

180-250

What is different about the right AV valve in a rabbit

2 cusps

What veins should you administer fluids into in a rabbit

peripheral ear veins

What is one thing to keep in mind when drawing blood on a rabbit

peripheral ear veins collapse easily under negative pressure

Where is the thymus located

cranial mediastinum

Why is the spleen small in rabbits

large amount of GALT in the GIT

Where is the spleen attached in the rabbit

greater curvature of the stomach via the gastrosplenic ligament

Why should you avoid touching the nose of a rabbit

nose sensory pads

How do rabbits breathe

obligate nasal breathers

Why are rabbits obligate nasal breathers

narrow pharynx

Why do rabbits twitch their nose

separate pheremones from the air

The cranial lobe of the left lung of a rabbit

cranial part and caudal part