Chem EOC 2 Study Guide

Diffusion

Molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until concentration is uniform.

Diffusion Example

Spray perfume and the molecules eventually diffuse equally around the room

Effusion

Gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container

Effusion Example

Air slowly escapes out of a small hole in a balloon

Condensation

Water vapor cools into water.

Graham's Law Formula

In Graham's Law Formula, what does M represent?

M=Molar Mass

Lighter Molar Mass = (Faster/Slower) Effusion

Faster

Combined Gas Law

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

Dalton's Law

Ptotal=P1+P2+P3…

Relative Humidity Formula

Actual/Saturated x100

Isobaric

Constant Pressure

Isochoric

Constant Volume

Isothermal

Constant Temperature

Catalyst

Lowers energy needed to start a reaction

Go memorize the Solubility Rules

Avogadro's Number

6.02 x 10^23

Limiting Reagent

Reactant that determines how much product can be formed

Excess Reagent

Any reagent not used up in a reactant

Theoretical Yield

Balanced chemical equation is used to calculate amount of product in a reaction (The thing that is SUPPOSED to happen, theoretically, if nothing goes wrong)

Percent Yield

Molar Gas Volume (L)

22.4

1 atm of K =

273.15 K

break space!

Make Some Tea

Bond Enthalpy

The amount of energy required to break one mole of a bond

Exothermic

Releases Energy

Endothermic

Absorbs energy

H = products - reactants

H = products - reactants

Forming Bonds is ___thermic

exothermic

Breaking Bonds is ___thermic

endothermic

Breaking a bond (absorbs/releases) energy

Absorbs

Forming a bond (absorbs/releases) energy

Releases

Activation Energy

Minimum energy particles need to react

For a reaction to occur, particles must…

Collide, have enough activation energy, have proper orientation

Increase concentration of reactant shifts the reaction to the…

Right

Increase pressure causes shift to the…

side with the least moles

Acids produce (H+ or OH-)

H+

Bases produce (H+ or OH-)

OH-

Acids (accept/donate) H+

donate

Bases (accept/donate) H+

accept

Base component ________ added acid

neutralizes

Acid component ________ added base

neutralizes

Buffer Composition: Weak acid and its _________ ____

conjugate base [A]

Buffer Composition: Weak base and its _________ ____

conjugate acid [HA]

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (pH=)

Strong Acid + Strong Base

neutral titration

Weak Acid + Strong Base

basic titration

Gibb's Free Energy Formula

unfavorable = (spon/nonspon)

non spontaneous

favorable (spon/nonspon)

spontaneous

unfavorable = (exo/endo)

endothermic

favorable = (exo/endo)

exothermic

H > 0

endothermic (+)

H < 0

exothermic (-)

Reactants + Heat --> Products

Endothermic

Reactants --> Heat + Products

Exothermic

REVIEW OTHER STUDY GUIDE FOR EOC 1

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pKa log formula

pKa = -log(Ka)

What does A- stand for?

Weak Acid

What does HA stand for?

Conjugate base of the corresponding A- weak acid