AP World History Chapter 19 Vocab

Taiping Uprising

massive Chinese rebellion that devastated much of the country between 1850 and 1864, based on the teachings of Hong Xiuquan, largely rejected Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, China became an industrial nation. Resulted in the abolition of private property, redistribution of land, end of prostitution and opium smoking, sexual segregation, originated among the Hakka people, tired to loosen restrictions on women

Opium Wars

1838-1842, 1856-1858, two wars fought between Western powers (British) and China after China tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially opium, China lost both wars and was forced to make changes. Reversed trade roles, China lost much of its silver to trade, resulted in the opening of ports for European trade, Christianity, foreigners could now travel freely

unequal treaties

series of 19th century treaties in which China made major concessions to western powers, first was the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, imposing many restrictions, and opened five ports. These eroded China's independence, due to the Chinese restricting opium use and trade, did not benefit from lessons of free trade and conduct with other countries

self-strengthening movement

China's program of internal reform in the 1860s and 70s, based on vigorous application of Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the west. Sought to reinvigorate traditional China, improved infrastructure, inhibited by fears of conservative leaders, strengthened local authorities, ultimately failed

Boxer Uprising

1898-1901, rising of Chinese militia, many Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed, anti-foreign movement, laid siege on foreign embassies, saw Qing dynasty as foreign and ineffective. Admired Western science, technology, political practices, believed only a unified nation where rulers and ruled were closely related could save China

Commissioner Lin

1785, son of poor scholar, rose quickly in bureaucratic rank, found himself at the center of opium trade, emphasized its health hazards, confiscated much of it, had a moralistic approach. Imposed regulations and consequences for opium use and trade, British military expedition began Opium Wars, died in 1850, reputation suffered but then was renewed

Chinese Revolution of 1911

collapse of China's ancient imperial order, at the hands of organized revolutionaries, but mostly from the weight of the troubles that had overwhelmed the government. Evidence of the failure to respond to European pressures, such as the Hundred Days of Reform in 1898 that was also stopped

"the sick man of Europe"

Western Europe's name for the Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries based on sutlan's inability to prevent Western takeover and deal with internal problems. The Ottoman Empire's domain greatly shrank, Napoleon took Egypt, much territory got independence with growth of nationalism

Tanzimat

important reform measures undertaken in the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1839, term means reorganization, began process of modernization, modest openings for women. Sought to provide economic, social, and legal underpinning for a strong and newly recentralized state, changes to legal status, more equality, challenged Islamic state

Young Ottomans

lower level officials, military officers, writers, sought major changes in the political system, mid-19th century, overcome backwardness, favored European-style democratic constitutional regime. Embraces Western technology and scientific knowledge, short lived victory in 1876 with a constitution and elected parliament

Sultan Abd al-Hamid II

ruled from 1876 to 1909, Ottoman Sultan, accepted a reform constitution and elected parliament but quickly suppressed it. After suspending reforms, he reverted to an older style of despotic rule for the next 30 years, renewed claim as caliph, successor to Prophet, protector of Muslims everywhere

Young Turks

1900s, military and civilian elites had opposition to revived despotism, advocated militantly secular public life, modernization, saw Ottoman empire as a Turkic national state. Military coup in 1901 allowed them to exercise power, pushed radical secularization, eventually ended the Ottoman empire

informal empires

areas that were dominated by Western powers in the 19th century, but retained their own governments and measure of independence, such as China and the Ottoman Empire. Gave rise to new nationalist conceptions of society, initially small with limited appeal, but became greatly significant in the future

Tokugawa Japan

rulers of Japan from 1600 to 1868, provided much internal peace for Japan, not really unified, had very detailed governance rules, change of class status, became very urbanized. Corruption became a big issue, social change undermined their superiority, failure to deal with 1830 famine eroded effectiveness, peasant uprisings weakened control

Meiji restoration

overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan in 1868, restoring power at long last to the emperor Meiji, led by a young samari group that took over. Claimed to be restoring power to the you (15 year old) emperor, most recent descent, save Japan from foreign domination, break in their past

Russo-Japanese War

1904-1905, ended in a Japanese victory, established Japan as a military competitor in East Asia and precipitated the Russian Revolution of 1905. Generated widespread admiration among those who saw Japan as a model for their own modern development or an ally in the struggle against imperialism, model for other's liberation