Motor Speech Disorder (MSD) Conditions Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the etiology, dysarthria types, and clinical features of various Motor Speech Disorders based on the MSD Conditions Chart.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A progressive UMN + LMN degeneration (Stages $1-5$) resulting in mixed spastic-flaccid dysarthria; key features include hyperreflexia, fasciculations, and atrophy.

ALS SLP Priorities

Focus on early EMST, early AAC, and screening for FTD; strictly NO strength training is allowed.

Dystonias

Hyperkinetic dysarthria characterized by abnormal involuntary movements or postures; treatments include Botox, sensory tricks, and voice therapy adjuncts.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy causing flaccid dysarthria; IVIG is the treatment of choice, and energy conservation is a priority.

Friedreich's Ataxia

Genetic spinocerebellar degeneration resulting in ataxic dysarthria; speech often begins with gait issues and is characterized by irregular breakdowns and scanning speech.

Acute Cerebellitis

Acute cerebellar inflammation causing temporary ataxic dysarthria with features such as acute dysmetria and scanning speech.

Huntington's Disease

Autosomal dominant basal ganglia degeneration causing hyperkinetic dysarthria with chorea, variable articulation, and unpredictable loudness.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

CNS demyelination resulting in mixed spastic-ataxic dysarthria; most commonly diagnosed as relapsing-remitting (RRMS).

Post-Polio Syndrome

LMN terminal sprout degeneration occurring decades after polio, resulting in rare flaccid dysarthria, fatigue, and resonance issues.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

Autoimmune neuromuscular junction transmission disorder resulting in flaccid dysarthria that worsens with use and improves with rest.

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra causing hypokinetic dysarthria; speech features include monopitch, monoloudness, and short rushes.

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Syndrome (PSPS)

A Parkinson's-Plus syndrome involving axial rigidity, frequent falls, palilalia, and movement perseverations; progresses to anarthria.

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)

A mixed dysarthria condition categorized as MSA-P (hypokinetic-dominant) or MSA-C (ataxic-dominant); often characterized by stridor.

Wilson's Disease

Mixed dysarthria caused by copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and cornea; features Kayser-Fleischer rings and requires lifelong chelation and a low-copper diet.

Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech (PPAOS)

A progressive motor-planning disorder (not dysarthria) characterized by phonetic groping, effortful speech, and dysprosody.

UUMN Dysarthria

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron dysarthria resulting from lesions in the unilateral motor cortex, internal capsule, or upper brainstem.

TBI Recovery

Recovery for Traumatic Brain Injury can continue for up to $48$ months, though cognition often drives AAC needs.