State Changes + SLH

solid → liquid

melting

liquid → solid

freezing

liquid → gas

boiling

gas → liquid

condensation

density =

mass/volume

internal energy

total energy in the kinetic and potential energy stores of all the particles in the substance that is caused by motion of the substance

solids

• strong forces of attraction between particles

• each particle vibrates around a fixed position

liquids

• weaker forces of attraction between particles

• not strong enough to hold the particles together in a rigid structure

gases

• forces of attraction between particles is very weak

• particles move about in high speeds and random directions

specific latent heat =

energy/mass

volume decreases / temperature increases

• molecules move faster

• hit the surface with more force

• number of impacts per second on the surface increases

• total force of impacts increases

boyle’s law

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2