CH 7 Anatomy and Physiology Medical Terminology Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical positions, planes, directional terms, body systems, and medical terminology based on Prehospital Emergency Care 12th Edition.

Anatomical Position

The standard reference position where the patient is standing erect, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Supine Position

A position where the patient is lying face up on their back.

Prone Position

A position where the patient is lying face down on their stomach.

Right and Left Lateral Recumbent Position

Also known as the Recovery Position, where the patient is lying on their side.

Fowler's Position

A semi-sitting position where the patient's upper body is elevated.

Trendelenburg Position

A position where the patient's feet are elevated higher than the head.

Frontal Plane

Also known as the coronal plane, it divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

Sagittal Plane

Also known as the median plane, it divides the body into right and left halves.

Transverse Plane

Also known as the horizontal plane, it divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves.

Anterior (Ventral)

Refers to the front of the body.

Posterior (Dorsal)

Refers to the back of the body.

Superior

Toward the head or upper part of the body.

Inferior

Toward the feet or lower part of the body.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Nearer to the point of attachment or the torso.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment or the torso.

Palmar

Refers to the palm of the hand.

Plantar

Refers to the sole of the foot.

Thoracic Cavity

The body cavity containing the heart and lungs, separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Abdominal area containing the majority of the liver, right kidney, colon, small portion of the pancreas, and the gallbladder.

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Abdominal area containing a small portion of the liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, and the majority of the pancreas.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Abdominal area containing the colon, small intestines, right ureter, appendix, and in females, the right ovary and fallopian tube.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominal area containing the colon, small intestines, left ureter, and in females, the left ovary and fallopian tube.

Axial Skeleton

Part of the skeletal system including the skull, ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Cervical Spine

The first $7$ vertebrae of the spinal column ($C1-7$).

Thoracic Spine

The $12$ vertebrae located in the mid-back area ($T1-12$).

Lumbar Spine

The $5$ vertebrae of the lower back area ($L1-5$).

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle tissue attached to the skeleton that allows for body movement.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found within the walls of organs and blood vessels.

Integumentary System

The body system that protects the body, regulates core temperature, and serves as a receptor for external stimuli.

Renal System

Also known as the urinary system, it filters and excretes wastes; structures include kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Stenosis

Age-related physiological change in heart valves that can reduce blood flow and cause pulmonary edema.

Arteriosclerosis

A condition in the geriatric cardiovascular system that increases the workload of the heart.

Neuropathy

A condition affecting motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve tracts resulting in numbness, tingling, or pain; often associated with diabetes.

Kyphosis

The loss of vertebral disk space leading to a curved spine, often seen in the geriatric musculoskeletal system.

Eponyms

Medical terms named after the person who discovered them, such as Fallopian Tubes.

Prefix

The part of a medical word added to the beginning, such as 'per-' meaning 'around'.

Suffix

The part of a medical word added to the end, such as '-al' meaning 'pertaining to' or '-logy' meaning 'study of'.

Tachy-

A medical prefix meaning fast.

Brady-

A medical prefix meaning slow.

Hyper-

A medical prefix meaning above or excessive.

Hypo-

A medical prefix meaning below or deficient.