UTS100 2.0

Physical self

- body
- the tangible aspect of the person
- does not include internal characteristics

Cognitive bias

- error in reasoning or any other mental processes as a result of holding onto one's preference regardless of contrary info

Halo effect

- tendency to rate attractive individuals more favorably on their personality traits

Gregor Mendel's discovery

- you look like yourself because of the genes passed off from your parents

Evolutionary psychology

- faces hold characteristics that could indicate a person's quality as a romantic partner and as a mate

Hormones

- the sex-typical facial features of adults are the result of testosterone to estrogen or vice versa ratio

Cultural standards of beauty

- culture decides its concept of beauty
- present culture prescribes beauty as an obligation to be liked and loved

Filipino obsession with beauty

- beauty standards are traced from colonial influences such as white culture
- women have been valued and devalued based on looks

Celebrating beauty in diversity

- requires a culture of resistance that veers away from dictates of what people in society should look like

Achieving Physical Well-being

- Healthy eating
- Embracing a healthy lifestyle
- Maintaining proper hygiene
- Avoid stress
- spend less time with gadgets
- Being confident

Sexuality

- ways people experience and express themselves a sexual beings

Factors affecting our view about sexuality

- education
- occupation
- income
- economics
- law
- politics
- history
- society
- culture
- religion

Sex

- female or male at birth
- based on biological characteristics or external genitalia

Gender

- social characteristics that may or may not be aligned with a person's sex
- adopted as gender identity

Secondary sex characteristics of males

- rapid increase in height and weight
- growth of adam's apple
- deepening of voice
- widening of shoulders
- pubic hair and facial hair

Secondary sex characteristics of females

- rapid increase in height and weight
- menstruations
- development of breasts and hips

Penis

Male reproductive organ

Testes

produce sperm within the scrotum

vas deferens

the duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.

prostate gland

A gland that contributes to the seminal fluid that nourish and protect the sperm.

Epididymis

A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.

Scrotum

External sac that contains the testes

Sperm

Male sex cell

produced in the testes, matures in the epididymis and passes from the vas deferens to urethra

Ovary

produces egg cells and secretes progesterone and estrogen

Ovum

A mature egg cell

fallopian tube (oviduct)

female organ that connects the ovary to the uterus; place where fertilization usually takes place

Uterus

pear-sized, female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

cervix

Entrance to the uterus

Vagina

A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body

vulva

external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

Human Sexual Response

- excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
- the changes that occur in the body as men and women become sexually aroused

Excitement

- body gets ready for sexual activity

Plateu

- intensified breathing, blood pressure, faster heart rate as well as muscle contraction

Orgasm

climax of sexual stimulation

Resolution

body gradually returns to its normal level of functioning

Sexual violence

- attempt to obtain sexual act, unwanted comments or advances, or acts to traffic, directed to person's sexuality by coercion

SOGIE

Sexual Orientation Gender Identity and Expression

Biological sex

-The physical aspects of a person's sex at birth.
-what you have

Gender identity

-one's sense of being male or female
-what you feel

Sexual orientation

-to whom a person is sexually attracted
-who you want

Gender expression

-the way in which a person expresses their gender identity, typically through their appearance, dress, and behavior.

Intersex

- qualities do not fit the typical binary category (male and female)

Gender neutral

- they, them, theirs, queer, fluid
- under gender identity

Bisexual

- attracted to both opposite and same sex, pansexual, or asexual
-under sexual orientation

Heterosexual

attracted to the opposite sex

homosexual

attracted to the same sex

Gender expression

- feminine or masculine
- physical presentation

3 major purpose of internet

social interaction, information acquisition and generation, and entertainment

The virtual self

- people are more inclined to show their personalities via online channels
- use of certain applications can be an indicator of the kind of person one is

Multiphrenia (Kenneth Gergen)

- idea that countless alternatives to self-expression hinders identity formation

Digital self

- oriented inward to thoughts and feelings
- narrative
- retractable because others are unable to link online and offline identities
- multipliable because people can interact at the same time

Digital citizenship

- norms of appropriate and responsible technology use
- anchored on respecting, educating, and protecting oneself and others
- regulating human behavior

Self-presentation

- behavior intended to create, modify, or maintain an impression of ourselves in the minds of others

People engage in self-presentation because:

-helps facilitate social interaction
-attain material and social rewards
-help construct desired identities

Impression management

- attempt to control or influence other people's perception of a certain person person, material possession, or a event

2 main motives in attempting to increase one's impressions of others:

instrumental - gain rewards and increase self-esteem

expressive - attempting to be in control of one's personal behavior and identity

The dramaturgy of the self (Erving Goffman)

social interaction has the front stage, back stage, and off-stage regions

Front stage

performer's consciousness that there is an audience and their expectations of him/her influence the performance

carefully-constructed digital selves

Back stage

where the performer can relax and be themselves

when one log outs

off-stage

if the performer meet members completely independent or separate from the performance

when you meet up with people you only know on the internet

Online Disinhibition Effect

- people do/say things online they wouldn't offline
- removal of social inhibition or restriction

Dissociative Anonymity

People don't know me

Invisibility

people cant see me

Asynchronicity

See you when I see you

Solipsistic Introjection

It's all in my head

Dissociative imagination

It's just a game.

minimization of status and authority

your rules don't work online

fake news

False stories that appear to be news spread through the internet and media.

Cyberbullying

Bullying using technology, such as computers and mobile phones.

they feel that they can do so online

viruses

concealed to make users interested in opening such malicious links

Inner soul

whole person consists of physical and psychological

Spiritual self

-mind-body-spirit connection
-contextualized by belief of a higher being

Spirituality

- individual's process of seeking and expressing meaning
- relation to the sacred or transcendent
- connection to different things
- encourage participation in a community

Religiosity

- adherence to a belief system and specific practices
- worship of a personal gods or gods
- omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), and omnipresent (everywhere at once)

Four dimensions of religion

belief, rituals, spiritual experience, and social forms of community

Belief

generalized system that shape how members understand the world

rituals

repeated physical gesture or activities that reinforces teachings and connect worshippers with a high power

spiritual experience

promise of access to some unique spiritual experience or immediate connection to higher power

social forms of community

unite a community called a church

Difference of religiosity and spirituality

- communal/ individual
- religious commitment, conservatism, skepticism/ spiritual quest, ecumenical world views, compassion, service, and inner peace
- believes in god or groups of god and adheres to their beliefs/ more concerned with growing and experiencing the divine

Logotherapy (Viktor Frankl)

primary motivational force is to find meaning in life

Man's search for meaning

1. life has meaning
2. the impetus to live is to discover your meaning
3. free to discover meaning in everything

3 ways to find meaning

1. doing an action
2. having personal experiences and interpersonal interactions
3. evaluating one's attitude amidst suffering

Well-being

intrinsic, personal construct, associated with self-esteem, and self-understanding

life satisfaction

contentment in the direction their life is going

when basic needs and goals are met

Happiness

when well-being and life satisfaction