book and condensed notes

The hormone that targets the thyroid gland and triggers the release of thyroid hormone is

1. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

2. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

3. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

4. luteinizing hormone (LH).

1. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Blood vessels that supply or drain the thyroid gland include which of the following?

1. superior thyroid artery

2. inferior thyroid artery

3. superior, inferior, and middle thyroid veins

4. all of the above

1. all of the above

Blood vessels that supply or drain the thyroid gland include which of the following?

1. superior thyroid artery

2. inferior thyroid artery

3. superior, inferior, and middle thyroid veins

4. all of the above

1. all of the above

How does aging affect the function of the endocrine system?

1. It is relatively much less affected than most other systems.

2. Hormone production increases to offset diminished response by receptors.

3. Endocrine function of the reproductive system is the most affected by increasing age.

4. Hormone production by the thyroid gland suffers the greatest decline with age.

1. Endocrine function of the reproductive system is the most affected by increasing age.

Endocrine organs can be controlled by

1. hormones from other endocrine glands.

2. direct neural stimulation.

3. changes in the composition of extracellular fluid.

4. all of the above.

1. all of the above.

Reduced fluid losses in the urine due to retention of sodium ions and water are a result of the action of

1. antidiuretic hormone.

2. calcitonin.

3. aldosterone.

4. cortisone.

1. aldosterone.

When blood glucose levels decrease,

1. insulin is released.

2. glucagon is released.

3. peripheral cells stop taking up glucose.

4. aldosterone is released to stimulate these cells.

1. glucagon is released.

Hormones released by the kidneys include

1. calcitriol and erythropoietin.

2. ADH and aldosterone.

3. epinephrine and norepinephrine.

4. cortisol and cortisone.

1. calcitriol and erythropoietin.

The mineral required for normal thyroid function is

1. magnesium.

2. potassium.

3. iodine.

4. calcium.

1. iodine.

A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes

1. testosterone.

2. progesterone.

3. aldosterone.

4. cortisone

1. progesterone.

If a person has too few or defective lymphocytes, which gland might be at fault?

1. thyroid

2. thymus

3. pituitary

4. pineal

1. thyroid

Reductions in cardiac activity, blood pressure, ability to process glycogen, and blood glucose level and release of lipids by adipose tissues are collectively symptoms of a defective

1. pituitary gland.

2. adrenal cortex.

3. pancreas.

4. adrenal medulla.

1. adrenal cortex

Functions of the blood include

1. transport of nutrients and wastes.

2. regulation of pH and electrolyte concentrations.

3. restricting fluid loss.

4. all of the above.

1. all of the above.

The most common formed elements in the blood are the

1. platelets.

2. white blood cells.

3. proteins.

4. red blood cells.

1. red blood cells.

The most abundant proteins in blood are

1. globulins.

2. albumins.

3. fibrinogens.

4. lipoproteins.

1. albumins.

The major classes of white blood cells include

1. erythrocytes and platelets.

2. granular and agranular cells.

3. fibrinogens and collagen fibers.

4. macromolecules and colloids.

1. granular and agranular cells.

Stem cells responsible for the production of white blood cells originate in the

1. liver.

2. thymus.

3. spleen.

4. red bone marrow.

1. red bone marrow.

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells (RBCs) is not true?

1. RBCs are biconcave discs.

2. RBCs lack mitochondria.

3. RBCs have a large nucleus.

4. RBCs can form stacks called rouleaux.

1. RBCs have a large nucleus.

The primary function of hemoglobin is to

1. store iron.

2. transport glucose.

3. give RBCs their color.

4. carry oxygen to peripheral tissues.

1. carry oxygen to peripheral tissues.

People with type A blood have

1. A surface antigens on their red blood cells.

2. B surface antigens in their plasma.

3. anti-A antibodies in their plasma.

4. anti-O antibodies in their plasma.

1. A surface antigens on their red blood cells.

The white blood cells that increase in number during an allergic reaction or in response to parasitic infections are the

1. neutrophils.

2. eosinophils.

3. basophils.

4. monocytes.

1. eosinophils.

1. Platelets are

   1. large cells that lack a nucleus.

   2. small cells that lack a nucleus.

   3. fragments of cells.

   4. small cells with an irregular-shaped nucleus.

1. fragments of cells.