History Final Notes

Flashcards of vocabulary words and their definitions.

Smoke signals

Communication using smoke to transmit messages over distances.

Messenger pigeon

Using pigeons to carry messages.

Letter writing

Written correspondence between individuals.

Printing Press

The mechanical production of printed materials.

Newspapers

A regularly published periodical containing news and information.

Typewriter

A machine for writing characters similar to print by means of keyboard.

Telegraph

A system for transmitting messages electrically over a wire.

Telephone

A device for transmitting speech electronically.

Radio

Wireless transmission of audio signals.

Cell Phones

Portable telephone.

Internet

A global computer network providing information and communication facilities.

Host

A company that provides access to the internet.

Social Media

Online platforms where users create and share content.

Movable type

Individual characters or blocks can be assembled to form words and sentences.

Woodblock Printing

A printing technique using carved wooden blocks.

Johannes Gutenberg

Key figure in the popularization of the printing press.

Vernacular

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.

Nationalism

Strong feelings of pride.

Font/typeface

A specific size, weight and style of a typeface.

Samuel Morse

Key figure in the development of the telegraph.

Morse Code

A method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks.

Telegraph operators

Workers who use telegraph equipment to send and receive messages .

Atlantic Telegraph Cable

Connected North America to Europe with telegraph cable..

Peer-to-peer digital communication

A decentralized communications model where each party has equivalent capabilities.

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prominent Research University.

Dial up

Form of internet access that uses telephone lines.

Geocities

A free web hosting service.

Napster

Peer-to-peer file sharing program.

Dot-com bubble

A period of extreme growth in the use and adaptation of the Internet by businesses and consumers.

Niche groups

Groups of people with very specific interests.

Y2K

A problem that was anticipated to cause widespread computer failures.

Asynchronous communication

Communication that does not occur in real-time.

Meme

An image, video, or text that is copied and spread rapidly by Internet users.

Human Geography

The study of the distribution and arrangement of humans and their activities on the Earth's surface.

Migration

The physical movement by humans from one area to another.

Pull Factor

A factor that attracts people to a new location.

Push Factor

A factor that forces people to leave their location.

Seasonal/Cyclical Migration

Migration due to factors such as temperature.

Forced/Involuntary Migration

People are made to move for reasons such as war.

Chain Migration

Migrants follow similar paths from one origin to the same destination.

Refugee Migration

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war.

Return Migration

The return of refugees to their homeland.

Diaspora

The dispersion of any people from their original homeland .

Internal Migration

Moving to another part of the same country.

Step Migration

A migration pattern when migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves.

Natural Resources

Materials or substances occurring in nature which can be exploited for economic gain.

Renewable Resources

Natural resources that replenish to overcome usage.

Non-Renewable Resources

Resources that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption.

Sustainability

Avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.

Climate Change

A change in global temperatures.

Land Use

The purpose for which land is used.

Environmental Determinism

Environment determines culture.

Possibilism

Humans have choices and the environment serves to limit the range of choices.

World Happiness Project

A survey measuring national happiness.

Nordic Countries

Countries such as Norway and Sweden which consistently score high in UN Happiness Report.

Environmental Modification

Changes to the environment.

Hoover Dam

A concrete barrier that holds back water.

Seawall

A wall or embankment built to prevent encroachment by the sea.

South China Sea Dispute

China's claim over the sea.

Identity

Qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person or group.

Body Theory

Identity is intimately linked to the physical body.

Memory Theory

Identity is linked to continuity of memories.

Adolescence

The transition period between childhood and adulthood.

Race

A socially constructed grouping of people.

Racialization

The process by which a group comes to be defined as a race.

Ableism

Discrimination in favor of able-bodied people.

Disablism

Prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities.

Institutional vs Intrapersonal ableism

Systemic and individual discrimination toward disable people.

‘World around the text’

The context and culture behind the text.

Cultural Concepts of Time (African, East/South Asian, South American, Greco-Roman)

Cultural understanding of time.

Projected future

Predictions about the future.

Probable future

Predicting the future with models.

Possible future

A scenario that has a chance of happening.

Improbable future

A scenario that is unlikely to happen.

World of the text

The world inside a story, or the story's setting.

Doomsday Clock

A symbolic clock face representing the likelihood of a man-made global catastrophe.

NASA

United States government agency responsible for science and technology related to air and space.

Migration Field

Map of the locations that people from one place move to